Plan (drawing)
Definition and Purpose
A plan, in the context of technical drawing and architecture, refers to a specific type of drawing that shows a view from above, the relationships between rooms, spaces, and other physical features at one level of a structure. It is a horizontal section cut through a building at an eye level elevation, typically 4 feet above the floor. The plan view includes anything that could be seen below that level: the floor, stairs (but only up to the plan level), fittings and sometimes furniture. Objects above the plan level (e.g., beams overhead) can be indicated as dotted lines Technical Drawing.
History
The use of plans in architectural design and construction dates back to ancient times. In Ancient Egypt, for example, architects would create plans for design and construction of pyramids, temples, and other structures. These plans were often drawn on papyrus scrolls and included detailed instructions for builders. The Greeks and Romans also used plans in their architectural practices, with many examples surviving to this day History of Architecture.
Types of Plans
There are several types of plans used in the field of architecture and construction:
Floor Plans
A floor plan is a type of drawing that shows the layout of a home or property from above. It illustrates the location of walls, windows, doors, and stairs, as well as fixed installations such as bathroom fixtures, kitchen cabinetry, and appliances. A floor plan may also include measurements, furniture, appliances, or anything else necessary to the purpose of the plan Floor Plan.
Site Plans
A site plan is a large scale drawing that shows the full extent of the site for an existing or proposed development. Site plans are commonly used by architects to help design landscaping, walkways, buildings, and parking lots. They are also used by city planners to help determine whether a new building will fit into the community Site Plan.
Elevation Plans
An elevation plan depicts one side of the building, typically the front. It is a vertical cut through a building that gives a flattened view of one facade. Elevation plans give builders and stakeholders a clear picture of how the building will look once completed Elevation (architecture).
Cross Section Plans
A cross section plan is a vertical cut through the building that shows the interior of the property. It is often used to show the details of floors, roof and walls. Sometimes sections can serve a dual purpose, containing information that is understood from plan and elevation views Architectural Drawing.
Process of Creating a Plan
Creating a plan involves several steps, which can vary depending on the specific requirements of the project. However, the general process typically involves the following stages:
1. Preliminary Sketches: The process begins with rough sketches that outline the basic ideas of the plan. These sketches are usually drawn to scale, but may not include all the details of the final plan.
2. Detailed Drawings: Once the preliminary sketches have been approved, the architect or designer will create detailed drawings that include precise measurements and annotations. These drawings will also include any necessary technical specifications for the construction team.
3. Review and Approval: The detailed drawings are then reviewed by the project stakeholders, including the client, contractor, and any relevant regulatory bodies. If any changes are required, the architect or designer will revise the drawings accordingly.
4. Construction: Once the plan has been approved, it is used to guide the construction process. The plan provides the construction team with a detailed guide to the layout and design of the building, ensuring that the final result matches the original design intent.
Software for Creating Plans
There are numerous software applications available for creating plans, ranging from simple drawing tools to advanced CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and BIM (Building Information Modeling) software. Some of the most popular include AutoCAD, SketchUp, Revit, and ArchiCAD Computer-Aided Design.
Importance of Plans in Architecture and Construction
Plans play a crucial role in architecture and construction. They provide a visual representation of the building, allowing all stakeholders to understand the design intent. They also serve as a guide for the construction team, helping to ensure that the building is constructed according to the specified design. Furthermore, plans are often required for obtaining building permits and for ensuring compliance with local building codes Architecture.