Motorcycle trials
Introduction
Motorcycle trials, also known as observed trials, is a non-speed event on specialized motorcycles where the primary objective is to navigate a series of obstacles without placing a foot on the ground. This sport emphasizes balance, precision, and control over speed, making it a unique and highly technical discipline within the realm of motorcycle sports.
History
The origins of motorcycle trials can be traced back to the early 20th century in the United Kingdom. The sport evolved from reliability trials, which were endurance events designed to test the durability and reliability of motorcycles. The Scottish Six Days Trial (SSDT), first held in 1909, is one of the oldest and most prestigious trials events, setting the standard for the sport.
Equipment and Motorcycles
Motorcycles used in trials are highly specialized and differ significantly from other types of motorcycles. They are lightweight, typically weighing between 65 to 75 kilograms, and have a short wheelbase to enhance maneuverability. The engines are usually single-cylinder, two-stroke or four-stroke, with displacements ranging from 125cc to 300cc. Key features include high ground clearance, low seat height, and a lack of seating to allow for better control while standing.
Techniques and Skills
Motorcycle trials require a unique set of skills and techniques. Riders must master balance, throttle control, and precise body positioning. Common techniques include:
- **Static Balance**: Maintaining balance while the motorcycle is stationary.
- **Hopping**: Lifting the front or rear wheel off the ground to reposition the bike.
- **Double Blip**: A technique to overcome obstacles by using a quick double throttle input.
- **Zap**: A method to climb vertical obstacles by compressing the suspension and using a burst of throttle.
Competition Format
Trials competitions are typically divided into sections, each containing a series of obstacles. Riders must navigate these sections without putting their feet down, which is known as "dabbing." Points are deducted for each dab, with the goal being to complete the section with the fewest points possible. The scoring system is as follows:
- 0 points: Clean (no dabs)
- 1 point: One dab
- 2 points: Two dabs
- 3 points: Three dabs
- 5 points: Failure (more than three dabs, falling, or going out of bounds)
Major Competitions
Several major competitions and championships are held worldwide, including:
- **FIM Trial World Championship**: The premier international championship organized by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM).
- **Scottish Six Days Trial (SSDT)**: One of the oldest and most prestigious trials events.
- **Trial des Nations**: An annual team event where countries compete against each other.
Training and Preparation
Training for motorcycle trials involves a combination of physical conditioning, technical skill development, and mental preparation. Riders often practice specific techniques repeatedly to build muscle memory and improve precision. Physical conditioning focuses on core strength, balance, and flexibility, which are crucial for maintaining control over the motorcycle.
Environmental Impact and Sustainability
Motorcycle trials events are typically held in natural settings, such as forests, mountains, and rocky terrains. Organizers and participants are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of these events. Measures are taken to minimize damage to natural habitats, including careful planning of sections, limiting the number of participants, and promoting the use of environmentally friendly motorcycles.
Notable Riders
Several riders have made significant contributions to the sport of motorcycle trials, including:
- **Toni Bou**: A Spanish rider who has dominated the FIM Trial World Championship, winning multiple titles.
- **Dougie Lampkin**: A British rider known for his success in both indoor and outdoor trials competitions.
- **Adam Raga**: Another prominent Spanish rider with numerous championship titles.