Costochondritis
Definition and Overview
Costochondritis is an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum (breastbone) — a junction known as the costosternal joint. Pain caused by costochondritis might mimic that of a heart attack or other heart conditions.
Causes
Costochondritis is thought to be the result of trauma, either from direct injury to the chest or after strenuous exercise. It can also occur as a secondary condition in certain diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and Reiter's syndrome. In many cases, however, the cause is unknown.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of costochondritis is chest pain, which can range from mild to severe. The pain is usually located on the front of the chest, but can radiate out to the back or abdomen. It is often worsened by physical activity or deep breathing.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of costochondritis is primarily based on a physical examination and the patient's description of their symptoms. The doctor may also order imaging tests such as an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, or MRI to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
Treatment
Treatment for costochondritis typically involves conservative measures such as rest, heat or ice, and over-the-counter pain relievers. In some cases, physical therapy or corticosteroid injections may be recommended. If costochondritis is due to an underlying condition, treating that condition may help alleviate the symptoms.
Prognosis
The prognosis for costochondritis is generally good, with most people recovering within a few weeks to months. However, in some cases, costochondritis can become a chronic condition, causing long-term pain and discomfort.
Epidemiology
Costochondritis is a common condition, affecting people of all ages. However, it is most frequently seen in women and people over the age of 40. The exact prevalence of costochondritis is unknown, as many people with the condition do not seek medical treatment.