Spread of Christianity
Origins and Early Spread
Christianity originated in the 1st century AD, after Jesus, believed by Christians to be the Son of God, was crucified and rose from the dead. His teachings and those of his disciples spread throughout the Roman Empire, initially on the margins of society and in secret.
Christianity was legalized by the Edict of Milan in 313 AD, and later became the state religion of the Roman Empire. This marked a significant turning point for the religion, as it allowed for public worship and led to a period of rapid growth and expansion.
Spread through the Roman Empire
Christianity spread rapidly throughout the Roman Empire, due in large part to the network of Roman roads and the Pax Romana, a period of relative peace and stability in the empire. The religion was spread by missionaries and by converts who travelled and preached the gospel.
The spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire was not a smooth process. The religion faced significant opposition and persecution, particularly in the early centuries of its existence. Despite this, by the 4th century AD, Christianity had become the dominant religion in the Roman Empire.
Spread to the Barbarian Tribes
During the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, Christianity began to spread to the barbarian tribes that were migrating into the former Roman territories. These tribes, including the Goths, Vandals, and Lombards, were initially Arian Christians, but eventually converted to orthodox Christianity.
Spread to the East
Christianity also spread eastward, reaching as far as India and China. The Nestorian Church, a branch of Christianity that was declared heretical by the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD, was particularly influential in spreading the religion in these regions.
Spread during the Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages, Christianity continued to spread throughout Europe. The conversion of the Scandinavian countries, including Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, in the 10th and 11th centuries marked the last major expansion of Christianity in Europe during this period.
Spread to the Americas
The discovery of the Americas in the 15th century led to a new wave of Christian expansion. Spanish and Portuguese explorers and colonizers brought Christianity to the New World, converting the indigenous populations.
Modern Spread
In the modern era, Christianity has continued to spread around the globe. It has become the largest religion in the world, with an estimated 2.3 billion adherents.