Orbitofrontal Cortex
Anatomy
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a part of the prefrontal cortex located in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision-making. The OFC is considered anatomically synonymous with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Therefore, the region is distinguished due to the distinct neural connections and the distinct functions it performs. It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion in decision making.
Functions
The orbitofrontal cortex plays a key role in decision making and expectation. It is involved in sensory integration, representation of the value of reinforcers, and changing behavior in the face of changing circumstances. It is also involved in social behavior, mood, and the ability to modulate emotions. The OFC is one of the brain regions that has been implicated in drug addiction, due to its role in reinforcement and reward.
Clinical significance
Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex in humans can result in impairments in decision-making and adaptive behavior, leading to a variety of disorders including compulsive behavior, substance abuse, and personality changes. The OFC has been implicated in mood and anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Research
Research on the orbitofrontal cortex has focused on its role in decision making and emotion, with some studies suggesting that the OFC is involved in integrating emotion into decision making. Other research has focused on its role in reward and reinforcement, and its involvement in substance abuse and addiction.