Neurodiversity
Definition and Origin
Neurodiversity is a concept that regards individuals with differences in brain function and behavioral traits as part of normal variation in the human population. The term was coined by the autism community in the late 1990s as a way to affirmatively frame what had traditionally been pathologized as disorders or deficits. The neurodiversity paradigm asserts that neurological differences should be recognized and respected as any other human variation, including diversity in race, gender, or sexuality.
Neurodiversity Movement
The neurodiversity movement is a social and civil rights movement that advocates for the acceptance and inclusion of neurodivergent individuals. This movement is largely led by individuals who are themselves neurodivergent, particularly those who are autistic, and has been influential in changing societal attitudes towards neurological differences. It has also been instrumental in advocating for accommodations and supports for neurodivergent individuals in various societal institutions, such as schools and workplaces.
Neurodivergence and Neurotypicality
Neurodivergence refers to having a brain that functions in ways that diverge significantly from the dominant societal standards of "normal". Neurodivergent individuals may include those diagnosed with ADHD, dyslexia, autism spectrum disorder, and others. Neurotypicality, on the other hand, refers to individuals whose brain functions align with the dominant societal standards of "normal". It is important to note that these terms are not value judgments, but rather descriptors of neurological states.
Criticisms and Controversies
While the neurodiversity movement has been influential in promoting acceptance and inclusion of neurodivergent individuals, it has also been subject to various criticisms and controversies. Some critics argue that the movement tends to overlook or minimize the challenges and difficulties faced by many neurodivergent individuals. Others have raised concerns that the neurodiversity paradigm may be used to absolve society of its responsibility to provide support and accommodations for neurodivergent individuals.
Impact on Society
The neurodiversity movement has had a significant impact on societal attitudes towards neurological differences. It has influenced the development of laws and policies aimed at promoting the rights and well-being of neurodivergent individuals. It has also inspired a growing body of research exploring the strengths and abilities associated with neurodivergence, as well as the challenges and barriers faced by neurodivergent individuals in various societal contexts.