National Film Registry
Overview
The National Film Registry (NFR) is an initiative of the United States National Film Preservation Board (NFPB), which aims to preserve and archive films that are culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. The NFR was established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, and its mandate is to select 25 films each year that are at least 10 years old and are deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."
History
The National Film Registry was created in response to a growing awareness of the fragility of film stock and the need for preservation. The idea of a national registry of important films was first proposed in the 1980s, during a period of heightened concern about the loss of cultural heritage due to the deterioration of older films. The National Film Preservation Act of 1988, which established the NFR, was a significant step in the recognition and preservation of film as a vital component of American cultural heritage.
Selection Process
The selection process for the National Film Registry is rigorous and involves several stages. The NFPB, which oversees the NFR, is composed of representatives from various organizations and institutions involved in film preservation and history, including the Library of Congress, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and the National Society of Film Critics. Each year, the board members nominate films for inclusion in the registry, and the public is also invited to submit nominations.
The final selection of 25 films is made by the Librarian of Congress, who consults with the NFPB and considers public nominations. The selected films are then added to the National Film Registry and preserved by the Library of Congress.
Criteria for Selection
The criteria for selection to the National Film Registry are broad, reflecting the diversity of American film. The films chosen for inclusion in the registry are not necessarily the "best" films, but rather those that have had a significant impact on American culture and society. The NFR includes a wide range of films, from early silent films and Hollywood classics to experimental films and home movies.
The primary criterion for selection is the film's cultural, historical, or aesthetic significance. Other factors that may be considered include the film's influence on other films, its historical context, and its representation of significant aesthetic or cultural trends.
Preservation Efforts
Once a film is selected for the National Film Registry, the Library of Congress takes responsibility for its preservation. This involves creating a new preservation master and two viewing copies of each selected film. The preservation process can be complex and time-consuming, particularly for older films that may be in poor condition.
In addition to physical preservation, the NFR also works to promote public awareness of the importance of film preservation. This includes educational initiatives, public programs, and partnerships with other organizations.
Impact and Influence
The National Film Registry has had a significant impact on the field of film preservation, raising awareness of the importance of preserving film heritage and providing a model for other countries. The NFR's emphasis on the cultural, historical, and aesthetic significance of film has broadened the understanding of film as a vital part of cultural heritage.
The NFR has also influenced the film industry, with inclusion in the registry often leading to increased interest in and recognition of selected films. This can result in new distribution deals, restorations, and screenings, furthering the NFR's mission to preserve and promote significant films.