Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
History
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) was founded in 1927 by Louis B. Mayer, head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the aim of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academy's initial goal was to unite the various branches of the industry and improve its image in the wake of several public scandals. The first Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929, honoring outstanding film achievements for the 1927/1928 film season.
Structure and Governance
The Academy is a professional honorary organization with membership limited to those who have achieved distinction in the arts and sciences of motion pictures. It is divided into 17 branches, each represented by three governors who serve three-year terms. The Board of Governors is responsible for setting the Academy's strategic vision and policies. The Academy's operations are overseen by a CEO, who is appointed by the Board.
Membership
Membership in the Academy is by invitation only, extended by the Board of Governors on behalf of Academy Branches. Candidates must have a body of work that reflects extraordinary achievement in the field of theatrical motion pictures, or have made outstanding contributions to the field. The Academy has over 9,000 members, who are classified into 17 branches based on their profession within the industry.
Academy Awards
The Academy Awards, also known as the Oscars, is an annual awards ceremony honoring outstanding creative and technical achievements in the film industry. The awards are presented by the Academy in 24 categories, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Actress. The winners are selected by the Academy's voting membership.
Academy Museum of Motion Pictures
The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, operated by the Academy, is dedicated to the history and ongoing development of cinema. The museum features exhibits on the art and science of movie making, as well as screenings, public programs, and educational initiatives.
Impact and Influence
The Academy has had a significant impact on the film industry, both in the United States and internationally. Its annual Academy Awards ceremony is one of the most watched television events worldwide, and the awards themselves are considered the highest honor in the film industry. The Academy's initiatives in film preservation, education, and outreach have also contributed to the promotion and understanding of cinema as an art form.
Criticisms and Controversies
The Academy has faced criticism and controversy over various issues, including its voting process, its membership demographics, and the lack of diversity in its award nominees and winners. In response, the Academy has implemented several changes in recent years to increase diversity and inclusion within its ranks and in its awards process.