Internet addiction
Definition and Overview
Internet addiction, also known as compulsive internet use, is a behavioral disorder characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behaviors regarding computer use and internet access that lead to impairment or distress. The concept of internet addiction is controversial, with many professionals debating its classification as a distinct psychiatric disorder. However, it is generally agreed that excessive and problematic internet use can lead to significant impairment in an individual's functioning and well-being.
Classification and Diagnosis
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) does not currently recognize internet addiction as a separate disorder. Instead, it includes "Internet Gaming Disorder" in section III as a condition warranting more clinical research and experience before it might be considered for inclusion in the main book as a formal disorder. However, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes "Gaming Disorder", which can be online or offline, in its list of recognized disorders.
Diagnosis of internet addiction is often based on questionnaires and self-report measures, such as the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) developed by Kimberly Young. These tools assess behaviors such as excessive use, withdrawal, tolerance, and negative repercussions of internet use.
Causes and Risk Factors
Internet addiction, like other behavioral addictions, is likely caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to addictive behaviors. Certain personality traits, such as high neuroticism, low conscientiousness, and high impulsivity, have been associated with a higher risk of developing internet addiction.
Environmental factors also play a significant role. For instance, the widespread availability and accessibility of the internet, especially with the advent of smartphones, may contribute to the development of problematic internet use. Social factors, such as peer influence and online social reinforcement, may also contribute to internet addiction.
Effects and Consequences
Excessive internet use can have various negative effects on an individual's life. These may include physical health problems such as sedentary lifestyle-related conditions, sleep disturbances, and vision problems. Psychologically, internet addiction may lead to symptoms of withdrawal when offline, including irritability, depression, and anxiety. It can also lead to social problems, such as isolation, relationship issues, and neglect of work or academic responsibilities.
Treatment and Prevention
Treatment for internet addiction often involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which aims to help individuals recognize and change problematic internet use patterns. Other therapeutic approaches, such as motivational interviewing and family therapy, may also be beneficial. In some cases, medication may be used as part of the treatment plan, although more research is needed in this area.
Prevention strategies often focus on promoting healthy internet use habits and increasing awareness of the potential risks associated with excessive internet use. This can be achieved through educational programs, parental controls, and the promotion of alternative activities to internet use.