Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Overview
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders. It is used by mental health professionals worldwide and is considered the "bible" of psychiatric diagnosis in the United States.
History
The DSM has a long history, with the first edition being published in 1952. The DSM has undergone various revisions, with the most recent edition, the DSM-5, being published in 2013. Each edition has reflected the current understanding and consensus within the field of psychiatry on the classification and diagnosis of mental disorders.
Structure and Use
The DSM is divided into three sections: an introduction, diagnostic criteria for each disorder, and a guide for future study. The diagnostic criteria are the most important part of the DSM, as they provide the specific symptoms and duration required for a diagnosis. The DSM is used by clinicians to diagnose mental disorders, by researchers to categorize conditions for study, and by insurance companies for billing purposes.
Criticisms and Controversies
Despite its widespread use, the DSM has been the subject of numerous criticisms and controversies. Some critics argue that the DSM pathologizes normal human behavior, while others contend that it lacks scientific validity. The process of revising the DSM has also been criticized for being too influenced by pharmaceutical companies and other outside interests.
Future Developments
The APA has announced that future revisions of the DSM will be made on a more continual basis, allowing for more timely updates as new research and clinical experience warrant. This represents a significant shift in how the DSM is updated and may address some of the criticisms of the manual.
