Electronic Components
Introduction
Electronic components are the building blocks of electronic systems, and they play a vital role in the working of devices, machines, and systems. These components are classified into two types: active components like transistors, diodes, IC's; and passive components like resistors, capacitors, inductors. The electronic components are soldered on PCB which provides mechanical support and wiring designed to electrically connect the components.
Active Components
Active components are those that have the ability to control the flow of electricity. Most electronic circuits require a direct current power supply to function. Some of the most common active electronic components include:
Transistors
Transistors are semiconductor devices with three layers and three terminals. The layers consist of either P-type or N-type semiconductor materials. They are used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
Diodes
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction. It has low resistance in one direction, and high resistance in the other. Diodes are commonly used in rectification, voltage regulation, and signal modulation.
Integrated Circuits
An Integrated Circuit (IC) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon. ICs are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world of electronics.
Passive Components
Passive components are those that cannot control the flow of electricity. Some of the most common passive electronic components include:
Resistors
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. They are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, and more.
Capacitors
A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance. They are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass.
Inductors
An inductor, also called a coil or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it. Inductors are used in analog circuits and signal processing.
Conclusion
Electronic components are essential in the electronics industry, as they are the building blocks that enable the creation of any electronic device. Understanding these components and their functions can help in designing, constructing, and troubleshooting electronic devices.