Cyclothymic Disorder
Definition
Cyclothymic disorder, also known as cyclothymia, is a type of bipolar disorder characterized by periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least two years (one year in children and adolescents). However, the symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic episode and a depressive episode DSM-5.
Symptoms
People with cyclothymic disorder experience chronic fluctuating moods over at least two years, with periods of hypomania and depression. These symptoms are often unpredictable and can disrupt daily life.
Hypomanic Symptoms
During a hypomanic episode, individuals may exhibit elevated or irritable mood, increased energy or activity, decreased need for sleep, and inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. Other symptoms may include more talkative than usual, flight of ideas, distractibility, and involvement in activities with a high potential for painful consequences.
Depressive Symptoms
Depressive symptoms can include feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, decreased interest in all or almost all activities, significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, diminished ability to think or concentrate, and recurrent thoughts of death.
Causes
The exact cause of cyclothymic disorder is unknown, but it's believed to be a combination of genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors. It's often observed that cyclothymic disorder runs in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder involves a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and psychiatric assessment. The mental health professional may use the criteria in the DSM-5 to diagnose cyclothymic disorder.
Treatment
Treatment for cyclothymic disorder typically involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Medications such as mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants may be used. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help individuals manage their symptoms and cope with the disorder.
Prognosis
With proper treatment, individuals with cyclothymic disorder can lead a normal life. However, without treatment, they are at risk of developing full-blown bipolar disorder.