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  • 00:50, 17 November 2024Brotherhood of Railway and Airline Clerks (hist | edit) ‎[4,886 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Brotherhood of Railway and Airline Clerks (BRAC) was a prominent labor union in the United States that represented clerical workers in the transportation industry. Founded in the early 20th century, BRAC played a significant role in advocating for the rights and interests of clerical workers within the railroad and airline sectors. Over the decades, the union evolved to address the changing dynamics of the transportation industry and labor...")
  • 00:47, 17 November 2024European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (hist | edit) ‎[4,296 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is an independent agency of the European Union (EU) established to provide scientific advice and communicate on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain. It plays a pivotal role in ensuring food safety and protecting consumer health within the EU. The EFSA operates under the principles of transparency, independence, and scientific excellence, offering critical evaluations and risk assessments...")
  • 00:24, 17 November 2024Child Nutrition Programs (hist | edit) ‎[8,197 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == Child nutrition programs are structured initiatives designed to ensure that children receive adequate nutrition to support their growth, development, and overall health. These programs are often implemented by governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and international bodies to address issues such as malnutrition, obesity, and food insecurity among children. The focus of these programs can range from providing meals in schools to educating...")
  • 00:14, 17 November 2024Henry A. Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy (hist | edit) ‎[5,766 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Overview == The Henry A. Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy is a prominent academic department within the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences at Johns Hopkins University. Named after the distinguished physicist Henry Augustus Rowland, the department is renowned for its contributions to the fields of physics and astronomy. It offers a comprehensive curriculum that spans undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral education, fostering a vibrant research...")
  • 00:13, 17 November 2024James G. Birney (hist | edit) ‎[4,551 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Early Life and Education == James Gillespie Birney was born on February 4, 1792, in Danville, Kentucky, to a prominent family with deep roots in American history. His father, James Birney, was an Irish immigrant who became a successful businessman and landowner, while his mother, Martha Reed Birney, hailed from a distinguished Virginia family. Birney's early education was conducted at home, where he was tutored in classical subjects, reflecting the educational norms...")
  • 00:09, 17 November 2024First Boer War (hist | edit) ‎[5,773 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Background and Context == The First Boer War, also known as the First Anglo-Boer War or the Transvaal War, was a conflict fought from 1880 to 1881 between the United Kingdom and the Boer settlers of the Transvaal Republic. This war was primarily a result of tensions between the British Empire and the Boers, who were descendants of Dutch settlers in Southern Africa. The conflict arose from the Boers' resistance to British annexation of the Transvaal in 187...")
  • 00:08, 17 November 2024House of Stuart (hist | edit) ‎[5,371 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The House of Stuart was a royal house of Scotland and England, with origins tracing back to the 11th century. The dynasty played a pivotal role in shaping the political landscape of the British Isles from the late Middle Ages through the early modern period. The Stuarts were notable for their attempts to unify the crowns of England and Scotland, their involvement in the English Civil War, and their influence on the development of constitutional monarc...")
  • 00:06, 17 November 2024Espionage Act of 1917 (hist | edit) ‎[4,234 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Espionage Act of 1917 is a United States federal law passed on June 15, 1917, shortly after the United States entered World War I. The act was designed to prohibit interference with military operations, support for U.S. enemies during wartime, and to prevent insubordination in the military. It has been amended several times over the years and remains a significant piece of legislation in the context of national security and free speech. == Hi...")
  • 00:02, 17 November 2024National Skill Development Agency (hist | edit) ‎[4,348 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Overview == The National Skill Development Agency (NSDA) is a key institution in India, established with the primary objective of coordinating and harmonizing skill development initiatives across the country. It plays a pivotal role in enhancing the employability of the Indian workforce by bridging the gap between the skills required by the industry and those possessed by the workforce. The NSDA operates under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship an...")
  • 23:53, 16 November 2024UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (hist | edit) ‎[5,546 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Overview == The '''UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger''' is a comprehensive resource developed by the UNESCO to document and monitor the status of endangered languages across the globe. This atlas serves as a critical tool for linguists, researchers, policymakers, and communities striving to preserve linguistic diversity and cultural heritage. It provides detailed information on the deg...")
  • 23:50, 16 November 2024Minersville School District v. Gobitis (hist | edit) ‎[9,471 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Background == The case of '''Minersville School District v. Gobitis''' (310 U.S. 586, 1940) is a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court that addressed the conflict between individual religious freedoms and state interests in promoting national unity. The case arose during a period of heightened nationalism in the United States, influenced by the global tensions leading up to World War II. The decision is no...")
  • 23:48, 16 November 2024Egyptian fruit bat (hist | edit) ‎[6,012 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Overview == The Egyptian fruit bat (''Rousettus aegyptiacus'') is a species of megabat within the family Pteropodidae. This species is primarily found in the Middle East and Africa, inhabiting a range of environments from tropical rainforests to arid deserts. As a frugivore, the Egyptian fruit bat plays a crucial role in seed dispersal, contributing significantly to the maintenance of its ecosystem. Its unique echolocation abilities and social behaviors make it a...")
  • 23:46, 16 November 2024CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso Experiment (hist | edit) ‎[5,324 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso Experiment, often abbreviated as CNGS, was a significant scientific endeavor aimed at investigating the properties of neutrinos, particularly their oscillation behavior. Conducted by the CERN, the experiment involved sending a beam of neutrinos from CERN's facilities in Geneva, Switzerland, to the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy. This experiment was part...")
  • 23:40, 16 November 2024Order of Malta (hist | edit) ‎[5,119 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== History == The Order of Malta, formally known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, is one of the oldest chivalric orders in existence. Its origins trace back to around 1048, when a group of merchants from the ancient maritime Republic of Amalfi founded a hospital in Jerusalem to care for pilgrims of any religious faith or race. This hospital was the foundation of the Ord...")
  • 23:40, 16 November 2024Irish Home Rule movement (hist | edit) ‎[6,874 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Origins of the Irish Home Rule Movement == The Irish Home Rule movement emerged in the late 19th century as a political campaign advocating for self-government for Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. This movement was primarily driven by the desire to address the grievances of Irish nationalists who sought legislative autonomy while remaining under the British Crown. The roots of the movement can be traced back to the Act of Union 1800|A...")
  • 23:39, 16 November 2024Center for Social Concern (hist | edit) ‎[6,676 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Overview == The Center for Social Concern is an interdisciplinary institution dedicated to the study, promotion, and implementation of social justice initiatives. It serves as a hub for research, education, and community engagement, focusing on addressing societal issues through a multifaceted approach. The center collaborates with various stakeholders, including academic institutions, non-profit organizations, and governmental bodies, to foster a deeper understandin...")
  • 23:37, 16 November 2024Tunnel field-effect transistors (hist | edit) ‎[5,830 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == Tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) are a class of transistors that leverage quantum mechanical tunneling to achieve switching operations. They are considered a promising alternative to conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) due to their potential for lower power consumption and improved performance in ultra-low voltage applications. TFETs are particularly relevant in the context of [Moore's Law](https://en.wikip...")
  • 23:32, 16 November 2024Modular Degree System (hist | edit) ‎[7,732 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Modular Degree System is a framework for structuring academic programs in higher education, allowing for flexibility and customization in student learning paths. This system is characterized by its use of modules, which are self-contained units of study that can be combined in various ways to form a complete degree program. The modular approach contrasts with traditional linear degree structures, offering students the ability to tailor their educa...")
  • 23:15, 16 November 2024Geographic Information System in Canada (hist | edit) ‎[5,520 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == A Geographic Information System (GIS) in Canada plays a pivotal role in managing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data across various sectors. From urban planning to environmental conservation, GIS technology facilitates informed decision-making by integrating and analyzing geographical data. This article delves into the development, application, and impact of GIS in Canada, highlighting its evolution, technological advancements, and sector-specifi...")
  • 23:15, 16 November 2024Prime Ministers Skill Development Scheme (hist | edit) ‎[4,446 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Prime Minister's Skill Development Scheme (PMSDS) is a prominent initiative launched by the Government of India aimed at empowering the youth with employable skills. This scheme is part of a broader strategy to enhance the skill development landscape in India, addressing the gap between the skills possessed by the workforce and those demanded by the industry. The initiative is designed to provide short-term training, certific...")
  • 23:13, 16 November 2024John Bell Hood (hist | edit) ‎[4,880 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Early Life and Education == John Bell Hood was born on June 1, 1831, in Owingsville, Kentucky. He was the son of John W. Hood, a physician, and Theodosia French Hood. Hood's early education was typical of the time, focusing on classical studies. In 1849, he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated in 1853, ranking 44th out of 52 cadets. His time at West Point was marked by a reb...")
  • 22:52, 16 November 2024Black Earth Region (hist | edit) ‎[5,140 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Black Earth Region, known as "Chernozem" in Russian, is a significant geographical and agricultural area located in the central part of Eastern Europe, primarily within Russia and Ukraine. This region is renowned for its fertile soil, which is rich in organic matter and nutrients, making it one of the most productive agricultural zones in the world. The Black Earth Region plays a crucial role in the agricultural output of the countries it spans, c...")
  • 22:43, 16 November 2024Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford (hist | edit) ‎[5,680 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== History == Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, serves as both the cathedral of the Diocese of Oxford and the chapel for Christ Church, a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Its dual role is unique among English cathedrals, reflecting its historical significance and architectural grandeur. The cathedral's origins trace back to the late Saxon period, with the initial foundation believed to have been established in the 8th century. The present structure, howev...")
  • 22:40, 16 November 2024Swiss university system (hist | edit) ‎[5,742 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Overview of the Swiss University System == The Swiss university system is renowned for its high-quality education, research, and innovation. It is characterized by a diverse range of institutions, including public universities, universities of applied sciences, and specialized institutions. Switzerland's multilingual and multicultural environment significantly influences its educational landscape, offering programs in German, French, Italian, and English. This system...")
  • 22:38, 16 November 2024Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (hist | edit) ‎[4,927 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "==Overview== Antai College of Economics and Management (ACEM) is a prestigious business school located within Shanghai Jiao Tong University, one of the oldest and most renowned universities in China. Established in 1918, ACEM has evolved into a leading institution for business education and research, offering a wide range of undergraduate, postgraduate, and executive education programs. The college is known for its rigorous academic standards, innovative research, a...")
  • 22:35, 16 November 2024Sand River Convention (hist | edit) ‎[4,484 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Background and Context == The Sand River Convention, held on January 17, 1852, was a pivotal agreement between the British Empire and the Boers of the Transvaal region in Southern Africa. This convention marked a significant moment in the history of South Africa, as it recognized the independence of the Boers north of the Vaal River, effectively establishing the South African Republic. The convention was named after the Sand River, a tributary of the Vaal River, wher...")
  • 22:24, 16 November 2024San Francisco garter snake (hist | edit) ‎[5,511 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Description and Taxonomy == The San Francisco garter snake (''Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia'') is a subspecies of the common garter snake, belonging to the family Colubridae. It is endemic to the San Francisco Peninsula in California, United States. This subspecies is renowned for its striking coloration, which features a vivid combination of blue-green, red, and black stripes along its body. The San Francisco garter snake is considered one of the most...")
  • 22:15, 16 November 2024Philip Danforth Armour (hist | edit) ‎[3,754 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Early Life and Education == Philip Danforth Armour was born on May 16, 1832, in Stockbridge, New York. He was the son of Danforth Armour and Juliana Brooks, who were of English and Scottish descent. Growing up in a rural setting, Armour was exposed to the rigors of farm life, which instilled in him a strong work ethic and a practical understanding of agriculture. He attended local schools, where he received a basic education. However, the economic challenges faced by...")
  • 22:09, 16 November 2024International-Great Northern Railroad (hist | edit) ‎[5,661 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== History of the International-Great Northern Railroad == The International-Great Northern Railroad (I&GN) was a significant railroad in the state of Texas, United States, with a storied history that reflects the broader development of rail transportation in the region. Established in the late 19th century, the I&GN played a crucial role in the economic and social development of Texas, facilitating the movement of goods and people across vast distances. The or...")
  • 22:05, 16 November 2024Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (hist | edit) ‎[6,172 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Early Life and Background == Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, was born on September 21, 1415, in Innsbruck, which was part of the County of Tyrol. He was the eldest son of Duke Ernest the Iron and Cymburgis of Masovia, a Polish princess. Frederick's upbringing was marked by the political complexities of the House of Habsburg, a dynasty that had been influential in European politics for centuries. The Habsburgs were known for their st...")
  • 22:03, 16 November 2024Intelligence in World War II (hist | edit) ‎[7,316 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Intelligence in World War II == World War II was a global conflict that spanned from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations. Intelligence played a crucial role in the outcome of the war, influencing strategies, operations, and the overall course of events. The intelligence operations during this period were characterized by the use of cryptography, espionage, and counterintelligence, among other techniques. This article delves into the various aspects of...")
  • 21:57, 16 November 2024China Europe International Business School (hist | edit) ‎[5,694 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Overview == The China Europe International Business School (CEIBS) is a prestigious business school located in Shanghai, China. Established in 1994, CEIBS is a joint venture between the European Union and the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of China, now known as the Ministry of Commerce. The school is renowned for its rigorous academic programs, distinguished faculty, and strong connections with the global business community. CEIBS...")
  • 21:41, 16 November 2024Santa Barbara School of Spatial Analysis (hist | edit) ‎[9,188 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Santa Barbara School of Spatial Analysis is a theoretical framework and research tradition that emerged in the late 20th century, primarily focused on the study and application of spatial analysis within the field of Geography. This school of thought is renowned for its emphasis on the integration of spatial theory, quantitative methods, and computational techniques to address complex geographical problems. It has significantly contributed to...")
  • 21:19, 16 November 2024American Declaration of Independence (hist | edit) ‎[5,639 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The American Declaration of Independence is a seminal document in the history of the United States, marking the formal assertion of autonomy from British rule. Drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson, it was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. This document not only articulated the colonies' reasons for seeking independence but also laid the philosophical groundwork for the new nation, emphasizing principles such as indiv...")
  • 21:17, 16 November 2024List of Pokémon (hist | edit) ‎[5,653 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Pokémon franchise, created by Satoshi Tajiri and Ken Sugimori, is a globally recognized phenomenon that began with the release of Pokémon Red and Green for the Game Boy in 1996. The franchise has since expanded into various media, including video games, trading card games, animated television series, movies, and merchandise. Central to the Pokémon universe are the creatures known as Pokémon, which trainers capture, train, and b...")
  • 21:08, 16 November 2024History Department (hist | edit) ‎[7,753 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The History Department is a vital component of academic institutions, dedicated to the study and teaching of history. It encompasses a wide range of topics, methodologies, and periods, providing students and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of past events and their implications on the present and future. This article explores the structure, functions, and significance of history departments within educational institutions, as well as the...")
  • 20:28, 16 November 2024History of Nintendo (hist | edit) ‎[7,789 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Early History and Founding (1889-1949) == Nintendo was founded on September 23, 1889, by Fusajiro Yamauchi in Kyoto, Japan. Originally, the company was established as a playing card company named Nintendo Koppai. The name "Nintendo" is often interpreted as "leave luck to heaven," although the exact meaning is subject to interpretation. Initially, Nintendo produced handmade Hanafuda cards, a traditional Japanese card game. These cards became popular in Japan, and...")
  • 20:24, 16 November 2024Mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (hist | edit) ‎[5,812 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging (MFRTA) is a scientific hypothesis that posits the role of mitochondria in the aging process, primarily through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This theory suggests that the accumulation of oxidative damage caused by free radicals, which are byproducts of mitochondrial respiration, leads to the functional decline associated with aging. Proposed by Denham Harman in the 1970...")
  • 20:17, 16 November 2024Invasion of Poland (1939) (hist | edit) ‎[7,391 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Background == The Invasion of Poland in 1939, also known as the September Campaign or the 1939 Defensive War, marked the beginning of World War II. This military campaign was initiated by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939, followed by the Soviet Union on September 17, 1939. The invasion was a direct result of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union, which included a secret protocol dividing Eastern...")
  • 20:00, 16 November 2024Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (hist | edit) ‎[7,054 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The '''Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage''' is an international treaty adopted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2001. This convention aims to safeguard and preserve underwater cultural heritage, which includes all traces of human existence that lie or have lain underwater and have cultural or historical significance. The convention is a response to the increasing thr...")
  • 19:44, 16 November 2024Migratory Bird Treaty (hist | edit) ‎[4,693 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Migratory Bird Treaty is a pivotal international agreement that aims to protect migratory bird species across national boundaries. This treaty represents a collaborative effort among nations to conserve avian biodiversity and ensure the sustainability of bird populations that traverse vast geographical regions during their migratory cycles. The treaty has evolved over time, incorporating various amendments and additional agreements to address emer...")
  • 19:31, 16 November 2024Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (hist | edit) ‎[4,983 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Early Life and Background == Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, was born on 21 September 1411, at Conisbrough Castle in Yorkshire, England. He was the son of Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, and Anne Mortimer. Through his mother, Richard was a descendant of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, the second surviving son of King Edward III, which gave him a strong claim to the English throne. This lineage would later play a crucial role in the War...")
  • 19:25, 16 November 2024Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (hist | edit) ‎[4,960 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Overview == Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) is a pivotal piece of legislation in the United States that provides immunity to online platforms from liability for content posted by their users. Enacted as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, it is codified at 47 U.S.C. § 230. This section has been instrumental in shaping the modern internet landscape by allowing platforms to host user-generated content without being held legally responsible...")
  • 19:15, 16 November 2024Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (hist | edit) ‎[4,963 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== History and Establishment == The Sir Dorabji Tata Trust is one of the oldest and most significant philanthropic institutions in India, established in 1932 by Sir Dorabji Tata, the elder son of the founder of the Tata Group, Jamsetji Tata. The trust was created with a vision to support initiatives that would enhance the quality of life of the Indian populace, focusing on areas such as education, healthcare, and rural development. Sir Dorabji Tata, who was deep...")
  • 19:14, 16 November 2024United States Capitol Police (hist | edit) ‎[5,425 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Overview == The United States Capitol Police (USCP) is a specialized federal law enforcement agency tasked with safeguarding the United States Capitol Complex in Washington, D.C. Its primary mission is to protect the Congress, its members, employees, visitors, and facilities, ensuring the legislative process operates without disruption. The USCP is unique in its jurisdiction and responsibilities, focusing on a specific area of national importance. == History...")
  • 19:13, 16 November 2024Freedom of expression (hist | edit) ‎[6,920 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right recognized in international law, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It encompasses the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing, in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of one's choice. This right is essential for the...")
  • 19:11, 16 November 2024Aircraft carrier operations (hist | edit) ‎[7,164 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == Aircraft carrier operations are a critical component of modern naval warfare, involving the deployment, management, and utilization of aircraft carriers as mobile airbases. These operations encompass a wide range of activities, including flight operations, logistics, maintenance, and strategic deployment. The complexity and scale of these operations require meticulous planning and execution, often involving coordination among various naval and air...")
  • 19:07, 16 November 2024Douglas A-20 Havoc (hist | edit) ‎[5,045 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Douglas A-20 Havoc was a versatile American attack aircraft that played a significant role during World War II. Known for its adaptability and robust performance, the A-20 was employed in various roles, including light bomber, night fighter, and reconnaissance missions. This article delves into the technical specifications, operational history, and variants of the Douglas A-20 Havoc, providing a comprehensive understanding of its contributions...")
  • 18:41, 16 November 2024Attitude and heading reference systems (hist | edit) ‎[7,742 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Introduction == The Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) is a crucial component in modern avionics, providing essential information about an aircraft's orientation relative to the Earth's surface. This system is integral to ensuring the safety and efficiency of flight operations by delivering accurate data on the aircraft's roll, pitch, and yaw angles. AHRS replaces traditional mechanical gyroscopic flight instruments with solid-state sensors, offering improv...")
  • 18:39, 16 November 2024Pledge of Allegiance (hist | edit) ‎[5,402 bytes]Ai (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== History and Development == The Pledge of Allegiance is a solemn oath of loyalty to the flag of the United States and the republic it represents. Its origins can be traced back to the late 19th century, a period marked by a surge of nationalism and the desire to unify the diverse American populace. The initial version of the Pledge was composed by Francis Bellamy, a Christian socialist and Baptist minister, in 1892. Bellamy's original text was published in the...")
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