Vorinostat
Introduction
Vorinostat, also known as SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid), is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC inhibitor) that has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). This drug works by interfering with the function of histone deacetylase, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression.
Pharmacology
Vorinostat is a small molecule that inhibits the activity of histone deacetylase enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for removing acetyl groups from an acetylated lysine on a histone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This action can prevent the transcription of certain genes, leading to a decrease in the production of certain proteins. By inhibiting the action of histone deacetylase, Vorinostat allows for the transcription of these genes, leading to increased protein production.
Clinical Use
Vorinostat is used in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects the skin. It is used in patients who have progressive, persistent, or recurrent disease on or following two systemic therapies. The drug has been shown to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines, including CTCL cell lines.
Side Effects
Common side effects of Vorinostat include fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and taste changes. More serious side effects can include blood clots, dehydration, and changes in blood sugar levels. As with any medication, patients should discuss potential side effects with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.
Mechanism of Action
Vorinostat's mechanism of action involves the inhibition of histone deacetylase enzymes, which leads to an accumulation of acetylated histones. This can result in the expression of genes that induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which are processes that can lead to the death of cancer cells.
Research
Research into the use of Vorinostat for other types of cancer is ongoing. Some studies have shown promise in the treatment of other types of lymphoma, as well as solid tumors. Additionally, Vorinostat has been studied in combination with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.