Vahana
Overview
Vahana (Sanskrit: वाहन, Vāhana, literally "that which carries, that which pulls") are the vehicles or mounts of the Hindu deities. They serve as the deity's main mode of transport and are often depicted in iconography as being present with their respective deity. The vahana and deity to which they support are metaphorically linked in what is often a symbiotic relationship.
Origin and Significance
The concept of vahana in Hinduism is ancient, with the earliest depictions found in the Vedic era. The vahana are integral to the iconography of the Hindu deities, and their symbolism is often reflective of the characteristics of the deity they serve. For example, the vahana of Ganesha, the elephant-headed god of wisdom and learning, is a mouse, which symbolizes Ganesha's ability to control the most unpredictable creatures and situations.
Common Vahanas
Some of the most common vahanas include:
- Nandi: The vahana of Shiva, Nandi is depicted as a bull. Nandi represents strength and fertility, mirroring Shiva's role as the destroyer and regenerator in the Hindu trinity.
- Garuda: The vahana of Vishnu, Garuda is depicted as a large mythical bird. Garuda represents moral righteousness and power, reflecting Vishnu's role as the preserver and upholder of dharma.
- Mouse: The vahana of Ganesha, the mouse represents Ganesha's ability to control the most unpredictable creatures and situations.
- Lion: The vahana of Durga, the lion represents power and warfare, mirroring Durga's role as the warrior goddess.
Role in Rituals
In Hindu rituals, the vahana are often invoked and worshipped alongside their respective deities. During festivals and processions, the deity's image or idol is often placed on a replica of their vahana, which is then pulled or carried through the streets. This practice is seen during the annual Rath Yatra festival, where the deities Jagannath, Balabhadra, and Subhadra are placed on large chariots and pulled through the streets.
In Art and Architecture
Vahana motifs are a common feature in Hindu temple architecture and art. They are often depicted in sculpture, painting, and relief work, usually in association with their respective deity. In many temples, separate shrines or statues are dedicated to the vahana of the main deity.