Uterine cancer
Overview
Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the uterus. The uterus is the hollow, pear-shaped pelvic organ where fetal development occurs. Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system, with endometrial cancer being the most common type.
Types of Uterine Cancer
There are two main types of uterine cancer: endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma.
Endometrial Cancer
Endometrial cancer is the most common type of uterine cancer. It begins in the layer of cells that form the lining (endometrium) of the uterus.
Uterine Sarcoma
Uterine sarcoma is a rare form of uterine cancer that forms in the muscle and tissue that support the uterus.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of uterine cancer include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and an enlarged uterus. However, these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it is important to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of uterine cancer is unknown, certain risk factors have been identified. These include age, obesity, certain genetic syndromes, and a history of endometrial hyperplasia.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of uterine cancer typically involves a pelvic exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy of the endometrium. In some cases, a procedure called a hysteroscopy may also be performed.
Treatment
Treatment for uterine cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.
Prognosis
The prognosis for uterine cancer varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. However, when detected early, uterine cancer is often curable.
Prevention
While it is not possible to completely prevent uterine cancer, certain lifestyle changes and medical treatments can reduce the risk. These include maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and taking oral contraceptives.