University
Overview
A University is a high-level educational institution where students study for degrees and academic research is done. Universities are typically divided into several colleges or departments where students specialize in a particular academic discipline.
History
The first universities were established in Asia and Africa long before the term "university" was coined in Europe. The University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco is considered the oldest existing, and continually operating educational institution in the world according to UNESCO and Guinness World Records and is sometimes referred to as the oldest university.
Structure and Organization
Universities are generally composed of several colleges or departments, each of which may be independently administered. These colleges may, in turn, be divided into faculties. Universities may also include professional schools.
Academic Degrees
Universities award a range of academic degrees, including bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees. The requirements for these degrees vary widely between countries and universities.
Research
Research is a major component of most universities. This research is often conducted in specialized research centers that are part of the university.
Admission
Admission to universities can be highly competitive, particularly for top-tier institutions. Admission processes vary widely from country to country and university to university.
Funding
Universities receive funding from a variety of sources, including tuition fees, government subsidies, and private donations. The financial health of a university can greatly impact its ability to provide quality education and conduct high-level research.
Impact and Influence
Universities play a significant role in the economic, cultural, and social life of many cities and countries. They are often major employers and can have a significant impact on local economies.