U.S. Route 66
History and Development
U.S. Route 66, often referred to as the "Mother Road," was established on November 11, 1926, and became one of the most famous roads in the United States. It originally ran from Chicago to Santa Monica, covering a total of 2,448 miles (3,940 km). The route was a major path for those who migrated west, especially during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, and it supported the economies of the communities through which it passed.
The creation of Route 66 was part of the larger U.S. Highway System, which aimed to improve the nation's road infrastructure. The route was not built from scratch but rather connected existing local, state, and national roads. It was one of the first highways to be completely paved, a project completed in 1938, which significantly improved travel conditions and accessibility.
Route Description
Route 66 traversed eight states: Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Each state offered a unique landscape and cultural experience. In Illinois, the route began in the bustling city of Chicago, passing through the flat farmlands and small towns. Missouri's section included the city of St. Louis and the Ozark Highlands, providing a mix of urban and rural scenery.
In Kansas, Route 66 covered only 13 miles, the shortest stretch of any state, yet it was significant for its mining history. Oklahoma's portion was rich in Native American culture and oil industry history. Texas offered a glimpse of the vast Great Plains, while New Mexico and Arizona showcased the Southwest's desert landscapes and Native American heritage. Finally, in California, the route concluded in the coastal city of Santa Monica, after passing through the Mojave Desert and the sprawling city of Los Angeles.
Economic and Cultural Impact
Route 66 played a crucial role in the economic development of the regions it traversed. It facilitated the transport of goods and services, contributing to the growth of local businesses such as motels, diners, and gas stations. The route became synonymous with the American road trip, symbolizing freedom and adventure. It was immortalized in popular culture through songs like "Route 66" and the television series "Route 66."
The highway also served as a corridor for migration, particularly during the Great Depression, when thousands of families traveled west in search of better opportunities. This migration was famously depicted in John Steinbeck's novel "The Grapes of Wrath."
Decline and Decommissioning
The decline of Route 66 began in the 1950s with the construction of the Interstate Highway System, which offered faster and more direct routes. The new interstates bypassed many small towns, leading to economic decline in those areas. By the 1970s, many sections of Route 66 were replaced by interstates, and on June 27, 1985, the highway was officially decommissioned.
Despite its decommissioning, Route 66 has remained a popular cultural icon. Efforts to preserve and commemorate the route have led to the establishment of the Route 66 Corridor Preservation Program, which aims to preserve the historic and cultural resources associated with the highway.
Preservation and Legacy
Today, Route 66 is celebrated for its historical significance and cultural impact. Numerous organizations and communities along the route have worked to preserve its legacy. The National Park Service's Route 66 Corridor Preservation Program provides financial and technical assistance to preserve the historic properties and promote tourism.
The route has been designated as a National Scenic Byway and is recognized as an All-American Road. Many sections of the original highway have been preserved as Historic Route 66, attracting tourists from around the world who seek to experience the nostalgia of the "Mother Road."
Cultural Representations
Route 66 has been a subject of numerous cultural representations, including literature, music, and film. The highway's portrayal in Jack Kerouac's "On the Road" and its mention in Bobby Troup's song "Route 66" have contributed to its legendary status. The road has also been featured in movies such as "Cars" and "Easy Rider."
These cultural representations have helped cement Route 66's place in American folklore, symbolizing the spirit of exploration and the open road. The highway's enduring legacy continues to inspire artists, writers, and travelers.
Modern-Day Route 66
In recent years, Route 66 has experienced a resurgence in popularity as a tourist destination. Travelers are drawn to the nostalgic experience of driving the historic highway, exploring the unique roadside attractions, and visiting the preserved landmarks. The route offers a glimpse into America's past, with its vintage motels, diners, and neon signs.
Efforts to promote Route 66 tourism have led to the development of guidebooks, maps, and tours that highlight the route's history and attractions. The highway's cultural and historical significance continues to attract visitors who seek to experience the iconic American road trip.