Tuckman's stages of group development
Introduction
Tuckman's stages of group development is a model that describes the phases that a group typically goes through when trying to achieve a common goal. The model was first proposed by psychologist Bruce Tuckman in 1965 and has since been expanded upon by other researchers. The stages are commonly known as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
Forming
The first stage of Tuckman's model is the forming stage. During this stage, the group members are introduced to each other and start to understand the task at hand. The group members are usually polite and reserved as they get to know each other and the group's purpose. The leader or facilitator often plays a dominant role at this stage, providing guidance and direction as the group begins to form.
Storming
The second stage is the storming stage. This stage is characterized by conflict and disagreement as group members start to express their individual ideas and perspectives. The storming stage can be a challenging time for the group, but it is also a necessary part of the development process. The conflicts that arise during this stage can help to clarify the group's goals and expectations, and can lead to more creative and effective solutions.
Norming
The third stage is the norming stage. During this stage, the group starts to resolve the conflicts that arose during the storming stage and begins to develop a sense of cohesion and unity. The group members start to establish norms and standards for behavior, and the group's goals and expectations become clearer. The leader or facilitator may start to take a less dominant role at this stage, as the group members start to take more responsibility for the group's progress.
Performing
The fourth stage is the performing stage. At this stage, the group is functioning effectively and efficiently towards achieving its goals. The group members have a clear understanding of their roles and responsibilities, and they are able to work together effectively as a team. The leader or facilitator may take a more facilitative role at this stage, providing support and encouragement rather than direction.
Adjourning
The final stage is the adjourning stage, also known as the mourning stage. This stage occurs when the group's task has been completed and the group is about to disband. The group members may experience a sense of loss or sadness as they say goodbye to each other and to the group. The leader or facilitator can help to facilitate this process by providing opportunities for the group members to reflect on their experiences and to celebrate their achievements.