Tlatoani

Overview

The term "Tlatoani" is derived from the Nahuatl language and was used by the Aztecs to denote their rulers. The word can be translated to mean "speaker" in English, but in the context of Aztec society, it was used to refer to the supreme ruler or king. The Tlatoani was the ultimate authority in the Aztec empire, responsible for the administration of the state, the conduct of warfare, and religious ceremonies.

A depiction of an Aztec Tlatoani in traditional attire, seated on a throne.

Role and Responsibilities

The Tlatoani was the head of the Aztec state and had a wide range of responsibilities. He was the chief executive officer of the state, responsible for the administration of the government, the conduct of warfare, and the performance of religious ceremonies. The Tlatoani was also the supreme judge in the Aztec legal system, with the power to make final decisions in all legal cases.

Selection and Succession

The Tlatoani was chosen from among the members of the Aztec nobility. The selection process was rigorous, with candidates required to demonstrate their abilities in a variety of areas, including warfare, administration, and religious observance. Once chosen, the Tlatoani held his position for life. Upon his death, a new Tlatoani was chosen following the same rigorous selection process.

Notable Tlatoanis

There were many notable Tlatoanis throughout the history of the Aztec empire. These include Moctezuma II, who was the Tlatoani at the time of the Spanish conquest, and his predecessor, Ahuitzotl, who greatly expanded the empire during his reign.

Influence on Aztec Society

The Tlatoani had a profound influence on Aztec society. As the supreme ruler, his decisions and actions shaped the course of Aztec history. The Tlatoani was also a religious figure, and his role in religious ceremonies helped to reinforce the religious beliefs of the Aztec people.

Tlatoani in the Post-Conquest Period

Following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire, the role of the Tlatoani changed significantly. The Spanish authorities retained the title and some of the responsibilities of the Tlatoani, but the position was stripped of much of its power and prestige.