Thutmose III
Early Life
Thutmose III was the son of Thutmose II and his secondary wife, Iset. Born in 1481 BC, he ascended to the throne as a child after the death of his father. His stepmother, Hatshepsut, served as his regent and later declared herself pharaoh.
Reign
Thutmose III's reign can be divided into two distinct periods: the first when he was co-regent with Hatshepsut, and the second after her death when he became the sole ruler of Egypt. During his co-regency, Hatshepsut effectively ruled Egypt, while Thutmose III was relegated to a secondary role.
After Hatshepsut's death, Thutmose III assumed full power. His reign is often referred to as the New Kingdom period of Egypt, which is considered the peak of Egypt's power. Thutmose III conducted numerous military campaigns in the Levant and Nubia, extending the Egyptian empire's reach and establishing it as a world power.
Military Campaigns
Thutmose III is often referred to as the "Napoleon of Egypt" due to his successful military campaigns. He conducted 17 campaigns in 20 years, expanding Egypt's territory and influence. His first campaign was against the Mitanni, a powerful kingdom in northern Syria. This campaign was a turning point in Egypt's military history, marking the beginning of its imperial expansion.
Building Projects
Thutmose III was not only a great military leader but also a prolific builder. He commissioned numerous construction projects throughout Egypt, including temples, palaces, and tombs. His most notable building project is the Temple of Karnak, one of the largest religious buildings ever constructed.
Death and Legacy
Thutmose III died in 1425 BC and was buried in the Valley of the Kings. His mummy was discovered in 1898 in the tomb of Amenhotep II. Thutmose III's legacy as a great military leader and builder has endured, and he is often considered one of Egypt's greatest pharaohs.