Temoporfin

Overview

Temoporfin, also known as mTHPC, is a second-generation photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of various types of cancer. It is a synthetic derivative of hematoporphyrin, a naturally occurring compound in the body, and is activated by light to produce a form of oxygen that can kill nearby cells.

History and Development

The development of Temoporfin began in the late 1980s as part of a broader effort to improve upon the effectiveness and reduce the side effects of first-generation photosensitizers. The compound was first synthesized by scientists at the University of Zurich in Switzerland, and its potential as a photosensitizer was quickly recognized.

Mechanism of Action

Temoporfin is administered intravenously, where it is taken up by cells throughout the body. When exposed to light of a specific wavelength, Temoporfin is activated and produces a form of oxygen known as singlet oxygen. This singlet oxygen is highly reactive and can cause damage to nearby cells, particularly cancer cells.

Clinical Applications

Temoporfin is used in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of various types of cancer, including head and neck cancers, esophageal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. The drug is also being investigated for use in other types of cancer, including prostate cancer and brain tumors.

Side Effects and Contraindications

Like all drugs, Temoporfin can cause side effects. The most common side effects are related to the light sensitivity that the drug induces. Other side effects can include nausea, vomiting, and skin reactions.

Future Directions

Research is ongoing to further improve the effectiveness of Temoporfin and to expand its use to other types of cancer. This includes research into new methods of light delivery, as well as combination therapies with other cancer treatments.