Symphony No. 4 in A major, Op. 90
Composition
Symphony No. 4 in A major, Op. 90, also known as the "Italian" Symphony, was composed by Felix Mendelssohn. The work was completed in 1833, following Mendelssohn's extensive tour of Italy in 1830-31. The symphony was first performed in London on March 13, 1833, and has since become one of Mendelssohn's most popular works.
Structure and Analysis
The symphony is composed in the standard four-movement format:
- Allegro vivace
- Andante con moto
- Con moto moderato
- Saltarello: Presto
The first movement, Allegro vivace, is in sonata form, beginning with a lively and energetic theme that captures the spirit of Italy. The second movement, Andante con moto, is a lyrical piece that contrasts with the vivacious first movement. The third movement, Con moto moderato, is a minuet and trio, a traditional form in classical symphonies. The final movement, Saltarello: Presto, is a fast-paced dance that brings the symphony to a thrilling conclusion.
Reception and Legacy
Upon its premiere, the symphony was met with critical acclaim. Critics praised its vibrant melodies and innovative orchestration. The symphony has since been performed by orchestras worldwide and has been recorded by many renowned conductors, including Wilhelm Furtwängler, Herbert von Karajan, and Leonard Bernstein.