Sol LeWitt
Early Life and Education
Sol LeWitt was born on September 9, 1928, in Hartford, Connecticut. His parents were of Russian-Jewish descent. LeWitt's father, a doctor, passed away when Sol was six years old, and his mother, a nurse, encouraged his interest in art. LeWitt attended Syracuse University, where he earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1949. After graduation, he traveled to Europe, where he was exposed to the works of the Old Masters and the burgeoning modern art scene.
Career Beginnings
Upon returning to the United States, LeWitt moved to New York City in 1953. He initially worked as a graphic designer for architect I.M. Pei and later took a job at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). During this period, LeWitt became acquainted with other emerging artists such as Robert Ryman, Dan Flavin, and Robert Mangold. These connections would prove influential in his development as an artist.
Conceptual Art and Minimalism
LeWitt is often associated with both Conceptual Art and Minimalism. His work in the 1960s and 1970s was pivotal in defining these movements. Conceptual Art emphasizes the idea or concept behind the work rather than the finished art object itself. Minimalism, on the other hand, is characterized by simplicity and the use of basic geometric forms.
LeWitt's "Paragraphs on Conceptual Art," published in 1967, is a seminal text in which he articulated his belief that the idea or concept is the most important aspect of the artwork. This manifesto helped to establish the theoretical framework for Conceptual Art and influenced a generation of artists.
Wall Drawings
One of LeWitt's most significant contributions to art is his series of Wall Drawings. These works, which he began in 1968, consist of instructions for creating drawings directly on walls. The instructions are executed by others, often teams of assistants, rather than by LeWitt himself. This approach challenges traditional notions of authorship and the role of the artist.
The wall drawings range from simple geometric patterns to complex compositions involving intricate lines and shapes. Each drawing is unique, yet all adhere to LeWitt's guiding principle that the idea behind the work is paramount.
Structures
In addition to his wall drawings, LeWitt is known for his Structures, which are three-dimensional works that often resemble architectural forms. These structures are typically made from materials such as wood, metal, or concrete and are characterized by their modular, grid-like construction.
LeWitt's structures explore the relationship between space, form, and perception. They often invite viewers to move around and through them, creating an interactive experience. Some of his most famous structures include "Four-Sided Pyramid" (1997) and "Incomplete Open Cubes" (1974).
Later Work and Legacy
In the later years of his career, LeWitt continued to experiment with new forms and materials. He created large-scale installations, prints, and works on paper. Despite his prolific output, he remained committed to the principles of Conceptual Art, always prioritizing the idea over the execution.
LeWitt's influence extends beyond the art world. His ideas about authorship, collaboration, and the role of the artist have had a profound impact on contemporary art practice. He is widely regarded as one of the most important artists of the 20th century.