Seventy Disciples
Introduction
The term "Seventy Disciples" refers to a group of early followers of Jesus Christ, distinct from the Twelve Apostles, who were sent out by Jesus to preach and perform miracles. This concept is rooted in the Gospel of Luke, specifically in Luke 10:1-24. The Seventy Disciples are significant in Christian tradition and theology, representing the broader mission of the early Church and the spread of the Gospel beyond the immediate circle of the Twelve Apostles.
Biblical Account
The primary source for the account of the Seventy Disciples is the Gospel of Luke. According to Luke 10:1, Jesus appointed seventy (or seventy-two, depending on the manuscript) others and sent them two by two ahead of him to every town and place where he was about to go. This mission was a preparatory one, intended to announce the coming of Jesus and to prepare the people for his arrival.
Mission and Instructions
Jesus provided specific instructions to the Seventy Disciples, emphasizing the urgency and simplicity of their mission. They were to travel light, carrying no purse, bag, or sandals, and were to greet no one on the road. Upon entering a house, they were to offer peace, and if a peaceful person lived there, their peace would rest on them. They were to stay in that house, eating and drinking whatever was provided, for the worker deserves his wages. They were also instructed to heal the sick and proclaim that the Kingdom of God had come near.
Theological Significance
The mission of the Seventy Disciples holds considerable theological significance. It underscores the universal nature of the Christian mission, extending beyond the Twelve Apostles to include a broader group of followers. This broader mission reflects the inclusive nature of the Gospel and the early Church's commitment to spreading the message of Jesus to all people.
Symbolism of the Number Seventy
The number seventy holds symbolic meaning in biblical tradition. It is often associated with completeness and universality. In the Old Testament, seventy is the number of the nations of the world listed in Genesis 10, and it is also the number of elders appointed by Moses to assist him in leading the people of Israel (Numbers 11:16-17). By appointing seventy disciples, Jesus may have been symbolically indicating the universal scope of his mission.
Historical Context
Understanding the historical context of the Seventy Disciples provides deeper insight into their role and significance. The appointment of the Seventy took place during Jesus' ministry in Galilee, a region known for its diverse population and various religious and cultural influences. This context highlights the inclusive nature of Jesus' mission and the early Christian movement.
Early Christian Communities
The Seventy Disciples likely played a crucial role in the formation of early Christian communities. Their mission involved not only preaching and healing but also establishing connections and relationships that would form the foundation of these communities. The emphasis on hospitality and shared meals in Jesus' instructions reflects the communal and relational nature of the early Church.
Legacy and Tradition
The legacy of the Seventy Disciples extends beyond the biblical account. In Christian tradition, they are often seen as exemplars of missionary zeal and dedication. Various Christian denominations have commemorated the Seventy in liturgy and hagiography, recognizing their contributions to the spread of the Gospel.
Commemoration in Liturgy
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Seventy Disciples are collectively commemorated on January 4th. This feast day celebrates their missionary work and their role in the early Church. The Western Christian tradition also acknowledges the Seventy, though with less liturgical emphasis.
Influence on Christian Missionary Work
The example of the Seventy Disciples has influenced Christian missionary work throughout history. Their model of traveling light, relying on hospitality, and focusing on the proclamation of the Kingdom of God has been emulated by various missionary movements. The Seventy serve as a reminder of the importance of simplicity, trust in God, and dedication to the mission.