Screenplay

Overview

A screenplay, also known as a script, is a written work by screenwriters for a film, television show, or video game. These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. In them, the movement, actions, expression, and dialogues of the characters are also narrated. A screenplay written for television is also known as a teleplay.

History

The concept of a screenplay has its roots in the early days of film production. During the silent era of film, story ideas were often put into motion without a written script. However, as films became longer and more complex, the need for a written script became evident. The first true screenplays were written for the "talkies," or films with sound, which required a written dialogue track.

Structure

The structure of a screenplay is typically divided into three acts: setup, confrontation, and resolution. This is known as the three-act structure, a model used in narrative fiction that divides the story into three parts, or acts. Each act has a specific function within the overall narrative.

Setup

The setup is the first act of the screenplay. It introduces the main characters, their relationships, and the world they live in. This act also presents the main problem or conflict that the protagonist must overcome.

Confrontation

The confrontation is the second act of the screenplay and is often the longest. It depicts the protagonist's attempt to resolve the problem initiated in the first act. The protagonist faces various obstacles and complications, leading to a crisis.

Resolution

The resolution is the third and final act of the screenplay. It resolves the conflict and concludes the story. This act often includes a climax, where the protagonist faces a final challenge, and a denouement, where the story's loose ends are tied up.

Screenplay Formats

There are two main types of screenplay formats: spec scripts and shooting scripts.

Spec Scripts

A spec script, or speculative screenplay, is a script written to be sold on the open market with no upfront payment, or promise of payment. The script is written on speculation that a production company will buy the rights to produce the script. Spec scripts are often written by unknown screenwriters looking to prove their storytelling skills and make a name for themselves in the industry.

Shooting Scripts

A shooting script is a version of a screenplay used during the production of a motion picture or a television show. Shooting scripts are distinct from spec scripts in that they incorporate scene numbers and technical information, such as camera angles and editing directions.

Screenwriting

Screenwriting is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions, or video games. It is a highly skilled profession, and a good screenwriter can make the difference between a hit movie and a flop. Screenwriting requires a combination of creativity, skill in narrative structure, and an understanding of how to create complex characters and plots.

Screenwriting Software

Screenwriting software are word processors specialized to the task of writing screenplays. The need for such specialized software arises from the presence of certain peculiarities in standard screenplay format which are not handled well by generic word processors such as Microsoft Word or Apple Pages. Some popular screenwriting software packages include Final Draft, Celtx, and Scrivener.

Screenwriting Techniques

Screenwriters employ a variety of techniques to create a compelling screenplay. These include the use of conflict, foreshadowing, symbolism, and subtext. They also use techniques such as flashbacks and nonlinear narratives to create a more engaging story.