Russian Academy of Sciences
History
The RAS was founded in Saint Petersburg on 28 January 1724 by Peter the Great, and implemented by a decree of the Senate dated 8 February 1724. It was originally called the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The academy was located in the newly built Peter and Paul Fortress, which was the first museum in the city and one of the first in Russia. The Fortress housed the academy's printing house and scientific library, among other things.
Structure and Organization
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation, and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals. The RAS consists of 13 specialized scientific divisions, three territorial branches and 15 regional scientific centers. The Academy has numerous councils, committees, and commissions, organized for different purposes.
Membership
Members of the Academy are elected on the basis of their scientific contributions – election to membership is considered very prestigious. As of 2005–2007 there are just under 500 full members in the academy, called "academicians", and 700 corresponding members.
Research
The RAS conducts a large amount of research in many fields of science and technology. The Academy's main facilities and institutions are located in Moscow, with many regional centers throughout Russia. It has developed an extensive network of research institutions in the Russian Federation, covering all major fields of science and technology.
Achievements and Impact
The Academy represents Russia in most international scientific collaborations and is the national coordinator of research and development. It has significant influence on policy and funding in Russian science, and directs a large proportion of the country's research through its extensive network of research institutions.
See Also
History of science and technology in Russia List of Russian scientists Science and technology in Russia