River Aare
Geography
The Aare is the longest river that both originates and ends entirely within Switzerland. It spans a length of approximately 295 kilometers, flowing from the eastern portion of the Bernese Alps, to the larger body of water, the Rhine River. The Aare's source is located near the Grimsel Pass, at an elevation of about 1,800 meters above sea level. The river then descends through the Haslital, forming the Aare Gorge near Meiringen.
Hydrology
The Aare River has a catchment area of about 17,620 square kilometers, which is approximately one-fourth of Switzerland's total land area. The river's average discharge at its mouth is 590 cubic meters per second, making it a significant contributor to the volume of the Rhine River. The Aare's flow regime is characterized by high water levels in spring due to the melting of snow in the Alps, and in summer due to glacier melt.
Tributaries
The Aare River has several tributaries, the most significant of which are the Reuss River, the Limmat River, and the Saane River. The Reuss River joins the Aare at Brugg, and the Limmat meets the Aare from the east at Koblenz. The Saane River, on the other hand, is a left tributary of the Aare and joins it in the Swiss capital of Bern.
Human Interaction
The Aare River plays a significant role in the lives of the Swiss people. It provides water for irrigation, industrial use, and domestic consumption. Several hydroelectric power plants are located along the river, generating a significant portion of Switzerland's electricity. The river is also used for transportation, with several navigable stretches. Furthermore, the Aare's banks are popular recreational areas, offering opportunities for swimming, boating, and fishing.
Environmental Significance
The Aare River and its catchment area are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. The river's banks are lined with riparian forests, which provide habitat for numerous bird species. The river itself is home to various species of fish, including the brown trout and the European chub. Efforts have been made to preserve the river's natural state and protect its biodiversity, despite the human activities along its course.