Reynard
Overview
Reynard is a anthropomorphic red fox, a character in European folklore that originated in medieval times. The character is known for his cunning and trickery, often used to outwit his adversaries. Reynard's tales are among the most popular in the medieval literature of Europe, and his adventures and exploits have been adapted into various languages and cultures.
Origin and Etymology
The name 'Reynard' is of Germanic origin, derived from 'Raginhard', which translates to 'strong in counsel'. The character Reynard is believed to have originated from the Old French epic 'Le Roman de Renart', written in the 12th century. The name 'Renart' was later anglicized to 'Reynard' in English translations.
Characterization
Reynard is depicted as a cunning and intelligent fox, often outsmarting other animals and humans alike. He is known for his wit and trickery, which he uses to escape dangerous situations or to achieve his goals. Despite his deceitful nature, Reynard is often portrayed as a sympathetic character, as his cunning is usually directed against characters who are more corrupt than he is.
Reynard in Medieval Literature
Reynard's tales were popular in medieval Europe, particularly in France, Germany, and the Netherlands. These tales, known as the 'Reynard Cycle', were a series of allegorical stories that satirized the political and social conditions of the time. The character of Reynard, with his cunning and trickery, represented the common man's ability to survive and thrive in a world dominated by the powerful and corrupt.
Reynard in Modern Literature and Popular Culture
Reynard's tales have been adapted into various forms of literature and media over the centuries. In modern literature, Reynard is often used as a symbol of cunning and trickery. He has appeared in various forms of media, including books, films, and video games. Some notable adaptations include the animated film 'The Tale of the Fox', and the video game series 'Armello', where Reynard is one of the playable characters.
Influence and Legacy
Reynard's tales have had a significant influence on Western literature and folklore. The character of Reynard has been used as a metaphor for cunning and trickery in various cultures and languages. The term 'reynard' has even entered the English language as a synonym for 'fox'. Reynard's tales have also influenced the portrayal of anthropomorphic animals in literature and media, particularly the character of the 'trickster'.