Revised Kyoto Convention
Overview
The Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC), officially known as the International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (as amended), is an international treaty aimed at standardizing and simplifying customs procedures across the globe. Adopted by the World Customs Organization (WCO) in June 1999, the RKC is considered a blueprint for effective and modern customs procedures. As of 2021, it has been accepted by over 120 countries.
History
The original Kyoto Convention was adopted in 1973 by the Customs Co-operation Council, now known as the World Customs Organization. The convention aimed to simplify and harmonize customs procedures, making international trade easier and more efficient. However, by the 1990s, it became clear that the original convention was not sufficient to handle the increasing complexity and volume of international trade. As a result, the Revised Kyoto Convention was developed and adopted in 1999.
Principles
The Revised Kyoto Convention is based on several key principles. These include transparency and predictability of customs actions, standardization and simplification of customs procedures, maximum use of information technology, minimum necessary customs control to ensure compliance with regulations, use of risk management and audit-based controls, coordinated interventions with other border agencies, and partnership with the trade community.
Structure
The Revised Kyoto Convention consists of the Body of the Convention, the General Annex, and Specific Annexes. The Body of the Convention contains definitions, the scope of the convention, and basic principles for customs procedures. The General Annex contains standards and transitional standards that all contracting parties must implement. The Specific Annexes contain standards and transitional standards for specific customs procedures, such as importation, exportation, transit, and temporary admission.
Implementation
Implementation of the Revised Kyoto Convention requires countries to align their national customs procedures with the standards and transitional standards set out in the convention. This often involves significant changes to national customs legislation and procedures. The World Customs Organization provides technical assistance and capacity building support to help countries implement the convention.
Benefits
Adoption and implementation of the Revised Kyoto Convention can bring a range of benefits. These include increased efficiency and effectiveness of customs procedures, improved trade facilitation, increased predictability and transparency, improved compliance with customs regulations, and enhanced cooperation between customs administrations and other government agencies.
Challenges
Despite its benefits, implementation of the Revised Kyoto Convention can also present challenges. These can include the need for significant legislative and procedural changes, the need for capacity building and technical assistance, and the need to balance trade facilitation with customs control and security.