Potawatomi
Introduction
The Potawatomi are a Native American people of the Great Plains, upper Mississippi River, and western Great Lakes region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a member of the Algonquin family. The Potawatomi people have a rich cultural history and have played significant roles in the development of the North American continent.
History
The Potawatomi are part of a long-term alliance, called the Council of Three Fires, with the Ojibwe and Odawa (Ottawa). This alliance was formed in the 17th century for mutual defense against the Iroquois Confederacy and later against the Sioux.
Early History
The early history of the Potawatomi is not well documented. The tribe's oral history tells that they migrated to the Great Lakes region from the Atlantic coast. By the time of European contact in the 17th century, the Potawatomi were settled in the area that is now eastern Wisconsin.
Contact with Europeans
The first documented contact between the Potawatomi and Europeans occurred in 1615 when French explorer Samuel de Champlain met with a group of Potawatomi near the present-day city of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
19th Century
During the 19th century, the Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their lands in the Great Lakes region by the United States government in a series of events known as the Potawatomi Trail of Death. This forced migration resulted in the death of many Potawatomi and is a significant event in the tribe's history.
Culture
The Potawatomi culture is rich and diverse, with a deep respect for nature and a strong sense of community. The tribe has a matrilineal system, with descent and inheritance passed through the female line.
Language
The Potawatomi language is part of the Algonquin family of languages and is closely related to the languages of the Ojibwe and Odawa tribes. The language is currently endangered, with only a few fluent speakers remaining.
Religion
Traditional Potawatomi religion is based on animism, the belief that all things have a spirit. The Potawatomi also practice Midewiwin, or the "Grand Medicine Society", a secretive religion that uses medicinal plants and ceremonies to heal illnesses.
Modern Day Potawatomi
Today, there are several federally recognized Potawatomi tribes in the United States, and several bands in Canada. Many Potawatomi people continue to maintain their cultural traditions, while also participating in modern society.
