Panathenaic Stadium
History
The Panathenaic Stadium, also known as the Kallimarmaro, is a multi-purpose stadium located in Athens, Greece. The stadium is one of the oldest in the world and has a rich history dating back to ancient times. It was originally built in the 4th century BC for the Panathenaic Games, a religious and athletic festival held in honor of the goddess Athena, the patron goddess of Athens. The stadium was rebuilt in marble by the Athenian statesman Lycurgus in 329 BC and was enlarged and renovated by Herodes Atticus in 140 AD, to a capacity of 50,000 seats. The ancient Olympic Games, held every four years at Olympia, included athletes from all over Greece and were one of the most important events in the ancient Greek world.
Architecture
The Panathenaic Stadium is a U-shaped structure, following the model of ancient Greek stadiums. The stadium is entirely made of white Pentelic marble, the same material used for the construction of the Parthenon. It is approximately 204 meters long and 83 meters wide. The track is 68 by 34 meters, with double-tiered seating. The stadium can accommodate about 45,000 spectators on its 50 rows of marble steps, which are divided into two tiers. The lower tier has 20 rows of seats and the upper tier, reached by a stone stairway, has 30 rows. The stadium has a vaulted passage, or crypt, which leads into the stadium at the eastern curve, and a royal entrance at the western curve. The judges' stand, or 'bema', is on the northern side of the stadium.
Modern Use
The Panathenaic Stadium was excavated in 1869 and hosted the Zappas Olympics in 1870 and 1875. After being refurbished, it hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the first modern Olympics in 1896. It was the venue for 4 of the 9 contested sports. It was also used for the 1906 Intercalated Games. The stadium was used as a venue for gymnastics and athletics in the 2004 Summer Olympics. It also served as the finish line for the Athens Classic Marathon. It is the only major stadium in the world built entirely of white marble (from Mount Pentelicus) and is one of the oldest stadiums in the world.
Cultural Significance
The Panathenaic Stadium holds a significant place in Greek culture and history. It is a symbol of ancient Greek civilization and the birthplace of the Olympic Games. The stadium is a major tourist attraction in Athens and is also used for various cultural events and ceremonies. It has been used for concerts, and it was here that the Olympic flame handover ceremony to the host nation takes place.