Orthopedic Surgery
Overview
Orthopedic surgery is a branch of surgery that deals with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.
History
The history of orthopedic surgery has been marked by several key developments and innovations. The term "orthopedics" was coined in 1741 by French physician Nicholas Andry, from the Greek words for "correct" or "straight" (orthos) and "child" (paidion).
Subspecialties
Orthopedic surgery has several subspecialties, each focusing on specific areas of the musculoskeletal system or certain types of patients. These include:
- Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery
- Foot and Ankle Surgery
- Spine Surgery
- Joint Replacement
- Pediatric Orthopedics
- Sports Medicine
- Trauma and Fracture Surgery
Procedures
Orthopedic surgeons perform a wide range of procedures, from minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery to total joint replacement. Some common orthopedic procedures include:
- Arthroscopic surgery
- Joint replacement surgery
- Spinal fusion surgery
- Bone fracture repair
- Carpal tunnel release surgery
- Laminectomy
- Hip replacement surgery
- Knee replacement surgery
Education and Training
Becoming an orthopedic surgeon requires extensive education and training. After earning a bachelor's degree, prospective orthopedic surgeons must complete four years of medical school, followed by a five-year residency in orthopedic surgery. Some orthopedic surgeons choose to further specialize by completing a fellowship in a specific area of orthopedics, such as sports medicine or spine surgery.
Future of Orthopedic Surgery
The future of orthopedic surgery is likely to be shaped by advances in technology, such as the development of new surgical techniques and tools, improvements in imaging technology, and the growing use of artificial intelligence and robot-assisted surgery.