Old Capitol Museum
History
The Old Capitol Museum, located in Iowa City, Iowa, is a historically significant building that served as the first capitol of the state of Iowa. Its construction began in 1840 and was completed in 1842, during a period when Iowa was still a territory. The building was designed by architect John Francis Rague, who also designed the Illinois State Capitol. The Old Capitol served as the seat of Iowa's government until 1857, when the state capital was moved to Des Moines.
The building is an exemplary representation of Greek Revival architecture, a style that was popular in the United States during the mid-19th century. The Old Capitol features a prominent central dome, a portico with six Doric columns, and a symmetrical facade. These architectural elements reflect the influence of ancient Greek temples and symbolize the democratic ideals of the new American republic.
In 1857, after the state government relocated, the Old Capitol became the first building of the University of Iowa. It has since been a central part of the university's campus, serving various functions over the years, including as a library, a classroom building, and an administrative office. In 1976, the building was designated a National Historic Landmark, recognizing its importance in the history of Iowa and its role in the development of the state's educational system.
Architecture
The Old Capitol Museum is a quintessential example of Greek Revival architecture, a style characterized by its use of classical Greek elements such as columns, pediments, and symmetrical proportions. The building's design is marked by a grand portico supported by six Doric columns, which leads to a central entrance. The facade is constructed of locally quarried limestone, giving the building a stately and enduring appearance.
The central dome, a defining feature of the Old Capitol, is constructed of wood and covered with copper. It rises above the building, providing a striking visual focal point. The dome's interior is adorned with a rotunda, which allows natural light to illuminate the space below. This architectural feature not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the building but also serves as a symbol of enlightenment and knowledge.
Inside, the Old Capitol Museum features a series of rooms that were originally used for legislative and judicial purposes. The Senate and House chambers, located on the second floor, are notable for their high ceilings, large windows, and decorative plasterwork. The building also includes a courtroom, which was used by the Iowa Supreme Court during the territorial period.
Restoration and Preservation
Over the years, the Old Capitol Museum has undergone several restoration and preservation efforts to maintain its historical integrity and ensure its continued use as a museum and educational facility. The most significant restoration project took place in the early 2000s, following a devastating fire in 2001 that severely damaged the building's dome and interior.
The restoration process involved meticulous research and the use of traditional building techniques to accurately replicate the original architectural features. Craftsmen and artisans worked to restore the building's plasterwork, woodwork, and masonry, while modern fire suppression and climate control systems were installed to protect the structure from future damage.
In addition to structural repairs, the restoration project included the creation of new exhibits and interpretive displays that highlight the history of the Old Capitol and its role in Iowa's development. These exhibits provide visitors with a comprehensive understanding of the building's historical significance and its impact on the state's political and educational landscape.
Current Use and Exhibits
Today, the Old Capitol Museum serves as a cultural and educational resource for the University of Iowa and the surrounding community. The museum offers a variety of exhibits and programs that explore the history of the building, the state of Iowa, and the university. Visitors can tour the restored Senate and House chambers, as well as the courtroom, to gain insight into the early legislative and judicial processes of the state.
The museum also hosts temporary exhibits that cover a wide range of topics, from the history of Iowa's Native American tribes to the state's role in the Civil War. These exhibits are designed to engage visitors of all ages and backgrounds, providing opportunities for learning and exploration.
In addition to its exhibits, the Old Capitol Museum offers educational programs and events, including lectures, workshops, and guided tours. These programs are aimed at fostering a deeper understanding of Iowa's history and encouraging public engagement with the state's cultural heritage.