Number 10
Introduction
The number 10 is a significant figure in the field of mathematics, science, and various aspects of culture and society. It is the natural number following 9 and preceding 11. The number 10 is the base of the decimal numeral system, arguably the most common system of denoting numbers in both spoken and written language.
Mathematics
In mathematics, 10 is a composite number, its proper divisors being 1, 2 and 5. Ten is the second discrete semiprime (2 × 5) and the second member of the (2 × q) discrete semiprime family. It is also a Harshad number, which means it is divisible by the sum of its digits.
Science
In science, the atomic number of neon is 10. The alkali metal sodium (Na), whose atomic number is 11, has a single electron in its outermost electron shell, which it readily donates to achieve a stable, electron configuration of neon.
Culture
In culture, the number 10 has a significant role. There are Ten Commandments given to Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible. In Chinese culture, the number 10 represents perfection or completion. This is reflected in phrases such as "the Ten Heavenly Stems", "the Ten Earthly Branches", and "the Ten Courts of Hell".
Society
In society, the number 10 is often used for its symbolic value. For example, in the United States, a perfect score in gymnastics is often signified by the number 10. In the UK, the residence of the Prime Minister is 10 Downing Street.