Nintendo Entertainment System
Overview
The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console produced by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan as the Family Computer (Famicom) in 1983, and later in North America during 1985, followed by Europe and Australia in 1986 and 1987 respectively. The NES was the best-selling gaming console of its time and helped revitalize the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983.
History
The NES was conceived by Nintendo's then-president Hiroshi Yamauchi, and its design was led by Masayuki Uemura. The system was a significant risk for Nintendo, as it was the company's first foray into the home console market, which was dominated by companies like Atari and Magnavox at the time. Despite initial skepticism from industry insiders and competitors, the NES quickly gained popularity and became a massive success, effectively creating a new market for home video game systems.
Hardware
The NES hardware was designed to be simple, reliable, and inexpensive to manufacture. The console features a custom-made 8-bit microprocessor, the Ricoh 2A03, and a Picture Processing Unit (PPU) that handles graphics rendering. The system's cartridge-based games are loaded into the front of the console, and the system is controlled using a rectangular controller with a four-directional D-pad and two action buttons.
Software
The NES's software library is extensive, with over 700 licensed titles released in North America alone. Some of the most popular and influential games of all time, including Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda, and Metroid, debuted on the NES. These games not only defined the console but also set standards for future video games in terms of gameplay, graphics, and narrative.
Legacy
The NES's impact on the video game industry cannot be overstated. It helped to establish home consoles as a significant aspect of the video game market, introduced several franchises that are still active today, and set the standard for future consoles in terms of hardware and software design. Many of the design principles and ideas introduced with the NES continue to influence the design of video game consoles and games.