National Institutes of Health
Overview
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late 19th century and is now part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The NIH conducts its own scientific research through its Intramural Research Program (IRP) and provides major biomedical research funding to non-NIH research facilities through its Extramural Research Program.
History
The NIH traces its roots back to 1887 with the creation of the Laboratory of Hygiene at the Marine Hospital in Staten Island, New York. Over the years, the NIH has grown significantly in size and scope, and it now comprises 27 separate institutes and centers. Each of these entities has a specific research agenda, often focusing on particular diseases or body systems.
Organization
The NIH is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, and operates field offices in a number of other locations across the United States. The agency is led by the NIH Director, who is appointed by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate. The NIH Director oversees the individual directors of the 27 institutes and centers.
Research
The NIH is the largest source of funding for medical research in the world, distributing more than $30 billion annually to researchers in every state and around the world. The agency funds thousands of scientists at universities, medical schools, and other research institutions. These grants fund a wide range of research, from basic biological research to clinical trials.
Impact
The NIH's research has led to significant medical breakthroughs and advances. For instance, NIH-funded research has contributed to the discovery and development of new treatments for cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and numerous other conditions. The agency's work has also led to advancements in our understanding of fundamental biological processes and mechanisms.
See Also
- United States Department of Health and Human Services - Biomedical research - Public health