National Film Board of Canada
History
The National Film Board of Canada (NFB) was established by the Parliament of Canada in 1939, during the tenure of the seventh Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King. The NFB was created as a public film and digital media producer and distributor, with its primary mission being to produce and distribute distinctive, culturally diverse, challenging and relevant works that provide Canada and the world a unique Canadian perspective on the universe, humanity, and the future.
The NFB's first commissioner, John Grierson, was a pioneering figure in British documentary film movement. Grierson's philosophy of film was that it could be a powerful force for social change, and he viewed the NFB as a tool to promote Canadian unity and understanding. He established the NFB's mandate, which has remained essentially unchanged to this day.
Mandate and Operation
The NFB operates under the mandate of the National Film Act of 1950, which stipulates that the NFB is to produce and distribute films designed to interpret Canada to Canadians and to other nations. The Act also mandates the NFB to engage in film research, to set up and conduct film training programs, and to advise and assist in the development of the film industry in Canada.
The NFB reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Heritage. It has English-language and French-language production branches—NFB English Program and Programme français NFB, respectively. The organization is governed by a Board of Trustees, which includes the Government Film Commissioner, who serves as the NFB's chief executive officer.
Production and Distribution
The NFB has produced over 13,000 productions since its inception, which have won over 5,000 awards. The NFB's productions are distributed in Canada and around the world. The NFB offers free viewing of many of its productions online through its website and via apps for mobile devices.
The NFB's production focuses on documentaries, a genre in which the NFB has a long and distinguished history. The NFB also produces animations and interactive media. The NFB's interactive productions have won numerous international awards, and have been recognized for their innovation and creativity.
Impact and Influence
The NFB has had a significant impact on film in Canada and around the world. Many of Canada's top filmmakers have worked with or been influenced by the NFB. The NFB's pioneering work in genres such as documentary and animation has also had a significant influence on these forms of film worldwide.
The NFB's commitment to diversity and social issues has also had a significant impact. The NFB has been a leader in producing films by and about women, Indigenous peoples, and other marginalized groups. The NFB's films have also often addressed important social issues, such as the environment, human rights, and international development.
Criticisms and Controversies
Despite its many accomplishments, the NFB has also faced criticism and controversy. Some critics argue that the NFB's government funding and mandate limit its artistic freedom and lead to a focus on safe, mainstream productions. Others argue that the NFB's focus on social issues and diversity can lead to didactic, preachy films.
The NFB has also faced controversy over its treatment of its employees. In the 1970s and 1980s, the NFB was criticized for its treatment of women and minority employees. More recently, the NFB has faced criticism over its handling of sexual harassment allegations.
Future Directions
The NFB continues to evolve in response to changes in technology, audience tastes, and social issues. The NFB is increasingly focusing on digital and interactive media, and is exploring new ways to engage audiences and tell stories. The NFB is also continuing to focus on diversity and social issues, and is working to ensure that its productions reflect the full diversity of Canadian society.