M.S. Subbulakshmi
Early Life and Background
M.S. Subbulakshmi, born as Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi on September 16, 1916, in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, was an iconic figure in the realm of Carnatic classical music. Her mother, Shanmukhavadivu, was a renowned veena player, and her father, Subramania Iyer, was a lawyer. Subbulakshmi's early exposure to music came from her mother, who was deeply involved in the traditional music scene of Madurai.
Musical Training and Early Career
Subbulakshmi's formal training in Carnatic music began under the tutelage of Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer, a prominent vocalist. She also received training in Hindustani music from Pandit Narayanrao Vyas. Her first public performance was at the age of 11, at the prestigious Madras Music Academy. This event marked the beginning of her illustrious career.
Rise to Fame
Subbulakshmi's rise to fame was swift. By the age of 17, she had already made a significant impact on the Carnatic music scene. Her performances were characterized by their technical precision, emotional depth, and a voice that could convey a wide range of emotions. She was also known for her renditions of devotional songs, particularly those composed by Saint Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar, and Syama Sastri.
Contributions to Indian Classical Music
M.S. Subbulakshmi's contributions to Indian classical music are manifold. She popularized many compositions that were previously unknown to the general public. Her rendition of the Venkateswara Suprabhatam, a morning prayer dedicated to Lord Venkateswara, became immensely popular and is still played in many South Indian households.
International Recognition
Subbulakshmi was the first Indian musician to perform at the United Nations General Assembly in 1966. Her performance was widely acclaimed and helped to introduce Carnatic music to a global audience. She also performed in various other international venues, including the Edinburgh International Festival and the Royal Albert Hall in London.
Awards and Honors
M.S. Subbulakshmi received numerous awards and honors throughout her career. She was the first musician to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor, in 1998. She also received the Padma Bhushan in 1954, the Padma Vibhushan in 1975, and the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1974 for her contributions to public service through music.
Philanthropy and Social Contributions
Subbulakshmi was also known for her philanthropic activities. She donated the proceeds from many of her concerts to charitable causes. Her contributions helped to fund various educational institutions, hospitals, and cultural organizations. She was a strong advocate for women's rights and worked towards the upliftment of women in society.
Personal Life
Subbulakshmi married T. Sadasivam, a well-known journalist and freedom fighter, in 1940. Sadasivam played a crucial role in managing her career and was instrumental in organizing many of her concerts. The couple had no children but were deeply involved in the upbringing of Sadasivam's children from his previous marriage.
Legacy
M.S. Subbulakshmi's legacy continues to inspire generations of musicians and music lovers. Her recordings are still widely listened to, and her style of singing has influenced many contemporary Carnatic musicians. The Madras Music Academy has instituted an annual award in her name to honor outstanding contributions to Carnatic music.