Kleptomania
Definition and Overview
Kleptomania is a rare but serious mental health disorder characterized by recurrent, irresistible urges to steal items that are not needed for personal use or monetary value. The term originates from the Greek words "kleptein" (to steal) and "mania" (madness). It is categorized under Impulse Control Disorders in the DSM-5, published by the American Psychiatric Association.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of kleptomania is the impulsive, uncontrollable urge to steal. Individuals with this disorder often describe the onset of this urge as a mounting tension that is relieved by the act of stealing. Other symptoms may include feelings of relief or pleasure after stealing, and the stolen items are typically not used or given away, rather they are often discarded or hoarded.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of kleptomania is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to problems with a naturally occurring brain chemical (neurotransmitter) called serotonin. Serotonin helps regulate moods and emotions. Low levels of serotonin are common in people prone to impulsive behaviors. Other risk factors may include having a family history of kleptomania or other mental health disorders, and certain personality disorders.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of kleptomania involves a thorough evaluation, including a complete medical history, physical examination, and psychological evaluation. The DSM-5 provides specific criteria for the diagnosis of kleptomania, which includes recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal items that are not needed for personal use or monetary value, increasing sense of tension immediately before committing the theft, and pleasure or relief at the time of the theft.
Treatment
Treatment for kleptomania typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is often used to help individuals understand the thoughts and feelings that lead to stealing, and to develop healthier ways to cope with stress. Medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may also be used to help manage symptoms.
Prognosis and Complications
With appropriate treatment, individuals with kleptomania can lead productive lives. However, without treatment, kleptomania can result in severe emotional, legal, and social problems. Complications may include job loss, relationship difficulties, and criminal charges.