Kakemono
History
The term kakemono originates from Japan and refers to a specific type of hanging scroll used to display and exhibit paintings and calligraphy. The practice of using kakemono dates back to the Heian era (794-1185), a time when Chinese influence was strong in Japanese art and culture. The kakemono was initially used in Buddhist temples, where they displayed religious texts and images. Over time, the use of kakemono expanded to aristocratic residences and samurai households, where they served both decorative and symbolic purposes.
Structure and Design
A kakemono is typically a vertical scroll with a width-to-height ratio of 1:2 to 1:3. It is made up of several components, including the honshi (main artwork), ichimonji (borders), hashira (vertical endpieces), jikusaki (scroll ends), and the hyōmō (mounting). The honshi is usually a piece of paper or silk where the painting or calligraphy is done. The ichimonji and hashira are made of brocade, silk, or paper and frame the honshi. The jikusaki, often made of wood, bone, or ivory, provide weight to the scroll and help it hang straight. The hyōmō, typically made of silk, forms the backing of the scroll.
Artistic Significance
Kakemono are significant in the world of Japanese fine arts, particularly in the disciplines of painting and calligraphy. They offer a unique canvas for artists, as the vertical format influences the composition and presentation of the artwork. The transient nature of kakemono, which are often rotated seasonally or for special occasions, also reflects the Japanese appreciation for change and impermanence, a concept known as mono no aware.
Use and Display
Kakemono are traditionally displayed in a tokonoma, a built-in recessed space in a Japanese room used for displaying art and flower arrangements. The kakemono is hung with the top slightly curved forward, which helps to reduce light reflection on the artwork. When not in use, kakemono are rolled up and stored in a protective box called a kiri-bako.
Care and Preservation
Due to their delicate nature, kakemono require careful handling and preservation. They should be kept away from direct sunlight, humidity, and heat sources to prevent damage. Regular airing is recommended to prevent mold growth. When rolling a kakemono for storage, it should be done slowly and carefully to avoid creasing or damaging the artwork.