John Herschel
Early Life
John Herschel was born on 7 March 1792 in Slough, England. He was the son of astronomer Sir William Herschel and his wife Mary. From an early age, Herschel showed a keen interest in his father's work, which would later influence his own scientific pursuits.
Education
Herschel attended Dr. Gretton's School in Hitcham, Eton College, and later, St John's College, Cambridge. At Cambridge, he was a brilliant student, excelling in mathematics and winning the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. He graduated as Senior Wrangler in 1813.
Career
After graduation, Herschel initially practiced law but soon abandoned it to follow his passion for astronomy. He worked alongside his father, assisting him in his astronomical observations and later carrying on his work after his father's death.
Herschel's contributions to astronomy are numerous. He catalogued thousands of new stars and nebulae, and made significant contributions to the study of double stars. His work on double stars helped prove that gravity was a universal force, acting outside our solar system as well.
In addition to his astronomical work, Herschel made significant contributions to the field of photography. He invented the cyanotype process, a precursor to modern photography, and was the first to apply the terms 'positive' and 'negative' to photography.
Later Life and Death
In his later years, Herschel focused on the compilation and publication of his father's work and his own astronomical observations. He also wrote extensively on the subject of astronomy, with his most notable work being "Outlines of Astronomy", which became a standard reference work in the field.
Herschel died on 11 May 1871 at the age of 79. His contributions to astronomy and photography continue to be recognized and celebrated today.
Legacy
Herschel's legacy in the field of astronomy is significant. His cataloguing of stars and nebulae greatly expanded our understanding of the universe. His work on double stars provided crucial evidence for the universality of gravity. In the field of photography, his invention of the cyanotype process laid the groundwork for the development of modern photography.