Interpersonal therapy

Overview

Interpersonal therapy (IPT) is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on improving the quality of a person's interpersonal relationships and social functioning to help reduce their distress. IPT is based on the belief that interpersonal problems contribute to psychological symptoms. It is a time-limited therapy, typically lasting 12 to 16 weeks, and is structured and directive.

History

Interpersonal therapy was initially developed in the 1970s by Gerald Klerman and Myrna Weissman as a short-term therapy for major depression. It was influenced by the work of Harry Stack Sullivan, Adolf Meyer, and John Bowlby. Over time, IPT has been adapted for use with a variety of conditions including bipolar disorder, eating disorders, and PTSD.

A well-lit therapy room with two comfortable chairs facing each other.

Theoretical Basis

The theoretical basis of IPT is the belief that changes in one's social and interpersonal relationships can significantly impact one's psychological state. IPT posits that there are four main areas of interpersonal issues that contribute to psychological distress: unresolved grief, role disputes, role transitions, and interpersonal deficits.

Techniques

IPT uses a variety of techniques to address these issues. These include clarification, confrontation, exploration of options, encouragement of affect, identification of emotion, and communication analysis. The therapist and client work together to identify the interpersonal issue that is causing the most distress and focus the therapy on this issue.

Efficacy

Numerous studies have shown that IPT is an effective treatment for depression. It has been found to be as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms of depression. IPT has also been shown to be effective in treating other disorders, such as bulimia nervosa and bipolar disorder.

Training and Certification

Training in IPT involves a combination of didactic learning, observation of therapy sessions, and supervised practice. After completing training, therapists can become certified in IPT by the International Society of Interpersonal Psychotherapy.