Industrial Ethernet
Introduction
Industrial Ethernet refers to the use of standard Ethernet protocols in an industrial environment, for automation and process control. A number of techniques are used to adapt these protocols for the needs of real-time automation applications, especially those needing deterministic responses.
History
The use of Ethernet in an industrial setting predates the standardization of Ethernet itself. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, several companies began developing systems based on the then-emerging Ethernet standard for use in manufacturing and process control. These early systems were often proprietary and incompatible with each other, but they laid the groundwork for the development of standardized Industrial Ethernet protocols.
Industrial Ethernet Standards
There are several Industrial Ethernet standards, each developed to meet specific needs within the industrial environment. These include:
- PROFINET: A standard developed by Siemens and the Profibus User Organization (PNO), PROFINET is designed for collecting and exchanging data between devices in real-time.
- EtherCAT: Developed by Beckhoff Automation, EtherCAT is a high-performance Ethernet-based fieldbus system.
- Modbus TCP/IP: This is a variant of the Modbus protocol, used for transmitting data over Ethernet networks.
- Ethernet/IP: Developed by Rockwell Automation, Ethernet/IP uses the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) over Ethernet.
Each of these standards has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of which to use often depends on the specific requirements of the application.
Industrial Ethernet vs. Regular Ethernet
While Industrial Ethernet uses the same basic protocols as regular Ethernet, there are several key differences between the two. Industrial Ethernet is designed to be more robust and reliable, capable of operating in harsh industrial environments where regular Ethernet might fail. This includes resistance to temperature extremes, vibration, and electrical noise.
Industrial Ethernet also often requires real-time capabilities, with deterministic response times that are not typically required in regular Ethernet applications. This is achieved through a variety of means, including the use of specialized protocols and hardware.
Applications of Industrial Ethernet
Industrial Ethernet is used in a wide range of applications, including:
- Factory automation: Industrial Ethernet is often used to connect devices such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs), sensors, and actuators in automated manufacturing systems.
- Process control: In industries such as chemical manufacturing or power generation, Industrial Ethernet is used to monitor and control the various processes involved.
- Building automation: Industrial Ethernet can be used to control systems such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), lighting, and security in large buildings.
- Transportation: In transportation systems, Industrial Ethernet can be used for applications such as traffic control, vehicle tracking, and ticketing systems.
Future of Industrial Ethernet
The future of Industrial Ethernet is likely to be shaped by several key trends. One of these is the increasing use of wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi and 5G, in industrial settings. While wired connections are likely to remain the norm for many applications due to their reliability and performance, wireless technologies offer increased flexibility and can be easier to install in certain situations.
Another key trend is the increasing integration of Industrial Ethernet with other technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing. This allows for greater data collection and analysis, potentially leading to more efficient and effective industrial processes.