In-Plane Switching
Overview
In-Plane Switching (IPS) is a technology used in LCDs that was developed to overcome the limitations of TN panels. The name "In-Plane Switching" comes from the switching of the orientation of the liquid crystal (LC) molecules parallel to the plane of the panel, which is different from the perpendicular alignment in TN panels. This technology is widely used in computer monitors, televisions, mobile phones, and tablets due to its superior color reproduction and wider viewing angles.
History
The IPS technology was developed in 1996 by Hitachi, a Japanese multinational conglomerate company. The aim was to improve on the poor viewing angles and color reproduction of TN panels. The technology has since undergone several revisions, leading to the development of several types of IPS panels, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.
Technology
The main characteristic of IPS technology is the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. In an IPS panel, the LC molecules are aligned horizontally to the panel. This is in contrast to TN panels, where the molecules are aligned vertically. When voltage is applied, the molecules rotate to an orientation parallel to the electric field, thus modulating the light passing through the panel.
Types of IPS Panels
There are several types of IPS panels, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. These include:
Super-IPS (S-IPS)
Super-IPS was the first major update to the original IPS technology. It offers improved response times and color reproduction over the original technology.
Advanced Super-IPS (AS-IPS)
Advanced Super-IPS is an improvement over S-IPS, offering even better color reproduction and viewing angles.
Horizontal-IPS (H-IPS)
Horizontal-IPS is a further improvement on AS-IPS. It offers better contrast ratios and power efficiency.
Enhanced-IPS (E-IPS)
Enhanced-IPS was developed to offer an affordable IPS solution with high performance. It offers good color reproduction, viewing angles, and response times.
Professional-IPS (P-IPS)
Professional-IPS offers the highest color accuracy and widest viewing angles of all IPS panels. It is used in professional-grade monitors.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Like any technology, IPS has its advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages
The main advantages of IPS panels are their wide viewing angles and superior color reproduction. This makes them ideal for graphic design, photo editing, and any other application that requires accurate and consistent color reproduction.
Disadvantages
The main disadvantages of IPS panels are their slower response times and lower contrast ratios compared to other panel types like VA panels. This makes them less ideal for applications like gaming, where fast response times are important.
Applications
IPS panels are used in a wide range of applications, from computer monitors and televisions to mobile phones and tablets. They are also used in professional-grade monitors for graphic design and photo editing, where color accuracy and consistency are crucial.
Future Developments
IPS technology continues to evolve, with manufacturers constantly working on improvements in color accuracy, response times, and power efficiency. The future of IPS technology looks promising, with potential applications in virtual reality and augmented reality devices.