Ice Dancing
Introduction
Ice dancing is a discipline of figure skating that draws from ballroom dancing. Unlike pair skating, which includes jumps and throws, ice dancing focuses on the rhythm, interpretation of the music, and precise steps. It is characterized by intricate footwork, close dance holds, and the absence of jumps and throws.
History
Ice dancing originated in the early 20th century, evolving from traditional ballroom dancing on ice. The first ice dance competition was held in 1936 in the United Kingdom. It became an official part of the World Figure Skating Championships in 1952 and was included in the Winter Olympics in 1976.
Technical Elements
Ice dancing is governed by the International Skating Union (ISU), which sets the rules and regulations. The technical elements in ice dancing include:
Dance Holds
Ice dancers perform in various holds, such as the Kilian hold, Foxtrot hold, and Waltz hold. These holds are essential for maintaining synchronization and executing complex steps.
Step Sequences
Step sequences are a series of steps and turns performed in a pattern on the ice. They are evaluated based on their difficulty, precision, and execution. Common step sequences include the Twizzle, Choctaw, and Mohawk.
Lifts
Lifts in ice dancing are different from those in pair skating. They are shorter in duration and do not involve overhead lifts. Types of lifts include the rotational lift, curve lift, and straight-line lift.
Spins
While spins are not as prominent in ice dancing as in other figure skating disciplines, they are still a critical element. Dance spins are performed in unison and require excellent balance and coordination.
Scoring and Judging
Ice dancing competitions are judged based on two main components: the Technical Element Score (TES) and the Program Component Score (PCS).
Technical Element Score (TES)
The TES is calculated based on the execution of technical elements such as step sequences, lifts, and spins. Each element has a base value, and judges award grades of execution (GOE) that can increase or decrease the score.
Program Component Score (PCS)
The PCS evaluates the overall performance, including skating skills, transitions, performance, composition, and interpretation of the music. Each component is scored on a scale from 0.25 to 10.00.
Competitions
Ice dancing is featured in various competitions, from national championships to international events. Major competitions include:
World Figure Skating Championships
The World Championships is an annual event where the best ice dancers from around the world compete.
European Figure Skating Championships
This competition is open to skaters from European countries and is one of the oldest figure skating competitions.
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
This event is for skaters from non-European countries, including Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Oceania.
Winter Olympics
Ice dancing has been part of the Winter Olympics since 1976, showcasing the sport to a global audience.
Training and Preparation
Ice dancers undergo rigorous training to perfect their skills. Training includes on-ice practice, off-ice conditioning, and dance classes.
On-Ice Practice
On-ice practice focuses on mastering technical elements, choreography, and synchronization with the partner.
Off-Ice Conditioning
Off-ice conditioning includes strength training, flexibility exercises, and cardiovascular workouts to enhance overall fitness.
Dance Classes
Dance classes, such as ballet and ballroom dancing, help ice dancers improve their posture, rhythm, and musicality.
Notable Ice Dancers
Several ice dancers have made significant contributions to the sport:
Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean
This British duo is famous for their iconic performance to "Boléro" at the 1984 Winter Olympics, where they received perfect scores.
Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir
Canadian ice dancers Virtue and Moir are known for their elegance and technical prowess, winning multiple Olympic and World Championship titles.
Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron
This French team is celebrated for their innovative choreography and fluid movements, earning numerous accolades.