Hydrogen peroxide
Introduction
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a simple chemical compound that is widely used in various industries due to its strong oxidizing properties. It is a pale blue liquid which appears colorless in a dilute solution, and is a powerful oxidizer that is unstable and slowly decomposes in the presence of light.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Hydrogen peroxide is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. It has strong oxidizing properties and is therefore a powerful bleaching agent that has found use as a disinfectant, as an oxidizer, and in rocketry (particularly in monopropellant rocket applications). Its boiling point is 150.2 degrees Celsius and its melting point is -0.43 degrees Celsius. It has a density of 1.45 g/cm3 at 20 degrees Celsius.
Production
The majority of the world's hydrogen peroxide is produced via the anthraquinone process, a process that involves the reaction of hydrogen (H2) with oxygen (O2) in the presence of a catalyst. Other methods of production include the electrolysis of sulfuric acid and the autoxidation of 2-ethylanthraquinol.
Uses
Hydrogen peroxide has a multitude of uses, ranging from medical applications to its role in the pulp and paper industry.
Medical Applications
In medicine, hydrogen peroxide is used as a topical antiseptic and is also used in certain cases for wound cleaning. It is also used in dentistry, particularly in teeth whitening procedures.
Industrial Applications
In industry, hydrogen peroxide is used as a bleaching agent, particularly in the pulp and paper industry. It is also used in wastewater treatment processes to remove organic impurities.
Other Applications
Other applications of hydrogen peroxide include its use in rocketry as a propellant, in the production of foam rubber, and in the electronics industry for cleaning circuit boards.
Safety
Hydrogen peroxide can be hazardous to health if not handled properly. It can cause skin and eye irritation, and ingestion or inhalation can lead to serious health problems. Therefore, proper safety measures should be taken when handling this chemical.
Environmental Impact
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen, and thus does not contribute to environmental pollution. However, the production process can have environmental impacts, particularly if not managed properly.