Hepatitis C
Overview
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver. It often leads to liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, with some cases developing into liver cancer.
Causes
Hepatitis C is caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus. The virus is primarily spread through direct contact with the blood of a person who is already infected. This can occur through sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment to inject drugs, needlestick injuries in healthcare settings, being born to a mother who has hepatitis C, and less commonly, through sexual contact.
Symptoms
Many people with hepatitis C do not have symptoms and are unaware of their infection. However, chronic infection can cause symptoms such as fatigue, depression, and problems with concentration and memory. In severe cases, it can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of hepatitis C involves blood tests to look for antibodies to the virus, as well as tests to determine the genetic makeup of the virus (genotype) and its quantity in the body (viral load). Liver function tests and imaging studies may also be performed to assess the extent of liver damage.
Treatment
Treatment for hepatitis C has evolved significantly over the years. The current standard of care involves antiviral medications that can cure more than 95% of people with the infection, thereby reducing the risk of death from liver cancer and cirrhosis. However, access to diagnosis and treatment is limited in many parts of the world.
Prevention
Prevention strategies for hepatitis C include harm reduction services for people who inject drugs, safe and appropriate medical procedures, and screening of blood donations.