Hay Fever
Overview
Hay fever, also known as Allergic rhinitis, is an allergic response to specific allergens. It is a common condition, affecting an estimated 10-30% of the global population. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life and overall health.
Causes
Hay fever is caused by an allergic response to outdoor or indoor allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or tiny flecks of skin and saliva shed by cats, dogs, and other animals with fur or feathers (pet dander). In some people, hay fever can be triggered by certain substances from fungi or mold spores.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hay fever can range from mild to severe and can occur seasonally or throughout the year. Symptoms can include: runny or stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, sneezing, coughing, fatigue, and itchy throat, mouth, or skin.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of hay fever can usually be made based on the patient's symptoms and their timing. However, in some cases, a doctor may recommend a skin prick test or a blood test to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for hay fever includes avoiding exposure to allergens, over-the-counter and prescription medications, and immunotherapy (allergy shots or tablets).
Prevention
While it is not always possible to avoid allergens, people can take steps to reduce their exposure to triggers such as staying indoors on high pollen days, wearing sunglasses to protect their eyes, and keeping windows closed during pollen season.
Impact on Quality of Life
Hay fever can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting their ability to perform at work or school, and causing sleep disturbances and other health problems.