Geography of the Palestinian Territories
Geography
The Palestinian Territories are located in the Eastern Mediterranean region, comprising the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip. The territories span a total area of approximately 6,220 square kilometers, with diverse geographical features ranging from coastal plains to mountainous regions.
Topography
The topography of the Palestinian Territories is varied, with the West Bank characterized by a mountainous spine, known as the Central Highlands, running north to south. These highlands are dissected by several valleys, including the Jordan Valley to the east. The Gaza Strip, on the other hand, is a flat coastal plain along the Mediterranean Sea.
Climate
The Palestinian Territories experience a Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. The climate varies across the territories, with the coastal Gaza Strip experiencing milder winters and more humid summers compared to the more elevated regions of the West Bank.
Hydrology
Water resources in the Palestinian Territories include the Jordan River, the Dead Sea, and several groundwater aquifers. The Coastal Aquifer, the only source of water for the Gaza Strip, is particularly at risk due to over-extraction and contamination. Water scarcity and quality are significant issues in the territories.
Flora and Fauna
The Palestinian Territories are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. The territories lie within the Eastern Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot, with several endemic and threatened species. The flora includes olive trees, fig trees, and various types of herbs and wildflowers. The fauna includes mammals like the Nubian ibex and birds like the Palestine sunbird.
Human Geography
The Palestinian Territories are densely populated, with a majority of the population residing in urban areas. The largest city is Gaza City in the Gaza Strip, while the largest city in the West Bank is Hebron. The territories also host a significant number of Palestinian refugees.
Environmental Issues
The Palestinian Territories face several environmental challenges, including water scarcity, land degradation, and pollution. These issues are exacerbated by political conflict and lack of adequate infrastructure. Efforts are ongoing to address these issues, including water management projects and environmental conservation initiatives.